will visit

τῑμωρ-έω, [tense] fut.

A

- ήσω Hdt.4.119

, Antipho 5.87, etc.:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut.

- ήσομαι E.Alc. 733

, Th.3.58: [tense] aor.

ἐτιμωρησάμην Pl.R. 378a

:—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf.

τετῑμώρημαι Th.7.77

, Lys.25.15: used in med. sense, Antipho 3.2.8, Lys.7.20, X.Cyr.7.5.32, and prob. Th.3.67: [tense] aor.

ἐτιμωρήθην PMich.Zen.57.9

(iii B.C.):—to be an avenger, exact or seek to exact vengeance for, avenge, τινι Democr.261, Hdt.1.103, 8.144, E.Hec. 749, Pl.Smp. 180a, etc.: abs., Hdt.1.4: c. dat. et gen., τιμωρήσειν σοι τοῦ παιδός.. ὑπισχνοῦμαι dub.l. in X.Cyr.4.6.8: c. acc. rei, τ. τῷ ἑταίρῳ τὸν φόνον avenge his slaughter, Pl.Ap. 28c, cf. E.Ph. 935: also τ. ὑπέρ τινος (for τινι) take vengeance for him, Pl.Lg. 907e, cf. Lys.13.1; ὑπὲρ τοῦ δήμου ib.51: c. dat. rei,

τῷ θανάτῳ τοῦ πατρός D.H. 4.77

: abs., Pl.Lg. 729e:—[voice] Med., avenge or seek to avenge one's own relative or friend,

πατρὶ πάντα τιμωρουμένης S.El. 349

, cf. 399, E.Or. 1117:—impers. in [voice] Pass., Λεωνίδῃ τετιμώρηται vengeance has been taken for him, he has been avenged, Hdt.9.79 (but τετιμωρήσεαι ἐς.. Λεωνίδην must be taken in signf. 1.3b, thou wilt have taken vengeance in respect to L., ib.78).

2 τιμωρεῖν τινα take vengeance on him, S.OT 140; τοὺς αὐτοέντας ib. 107;

κελεύειν τιμωρεῖν ὑπὲρ αὑτοῦ [τὸν Ἀγόρατον] ὡς φονέα ὄντα Lys.13.42

, cf. 92; Παλαμήδους σε τιμωρεῖ φόνου (v.l. φόνον) is taking vengeance on you for the murder of P., E.Or. 433:—[voice] Pass., to be visited with vengeance, punished, Pl.Grg. 525b, 525d, etc.;

τετιμωρημένος Lys.25.15

; ὧν ἡμάρτομεν τετιμωρήμεθα we have been punished, PCair.Zen. 495.2 (iii B.C.); ἱκανῶς τετιμώρημαι ib.639.15 (iii B.C.); εἰς τὸ -ηθῆναι αὐτούς PMich.Zen. l.c.:—this sense is more freq. in

3 [voice] Med., avenge oneself upon, exact vengeance from, τινα Hdt.3.53, 6.138, S.Ph. 1258, E.Hec. 756, 882, Antipho 2.3.11, Th.1.121, etc.;

ὡς.. οὐχ ὅπως τιμωρήσαιντο, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπαινέσειαν τὸν Σφοδρίαν X.HG 5.4.34

; Ἑαυτὸν τιμωρούμενος Self-punisher, name of a play by Menander, cf. X.Cyr.3.1.15;

ἀπαγαγών με εἰς τὸ δεσμωτήριον τετιμώρηταί με εἰσπράσσων δραχμὰς PCair.Zen.492.7

(iii B.C.): c. gen. rei, τιμωρεῖσθαί τινά τινος take vengeance on one for a thing, Hdt.3.145, E.IT 558, Lys.6.31, Pl.Smp. 213d, etc.: also

τ. τινὰ ἀντί τινων Hdt.6.135

; περὶ (fort. ὑπὲρ)

τῶν πεπραγμένων Lys.14.2

: less freq. c. acc. rei, εἰ μή σ' ἀδελφῆς αἷμα τιμωρήσεται will visit his sister's blood on thee, E.Alc. 733, cf. Cyc. 695.

b abs., avenge oneself, seek vengeance, Hdt.3.49, 7.8.β, Lys.13.84, X.Cyr.5.5.19, etc.; ταῖς ἐσχάταις τιμωρίαις τ. visit with the extreme penalties, Pl.R. 579a; τὸ τιμωρησόμενον the power to exact vengeance, D.26.4: the crime is sts. added in a relat. clause,

τ. εἴ τι.. ἠδίκησαν X.An.5.4.6

;

τ. ὅτι.. Id.Cyr.5.3.30

: also τιμωρεῖσθαι ὑπὲρ τῆς Ἑλλάδος exact vengeance for Greece, Id.An.1.3.4.

II esp. in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf., succour one who has been attacked or has suffered injury, help him to retaliate, τινι Hdt.1.141, 152, 2.63, 3.32, 65, S.OT 136, E.Or. 718, Th.1.86, 127, al.;

εἰ τύπτοιτό τις αὐτῶν ὑπ' ἐκείνων τινός, ἐβοήθεόν τε πάντες καὶ ἐτιμώρεον ἀλλήλοισι Hdt.6.138

, cf. Ael.NA1.4: abs., lend aid, give succour, Hdt.1.18.

2 of medical aid, τ. τῷ παθήματι relieve it, Hp.Art.11; cf.

τιμωρία 11.2

, and Gal.15.494.

εἶδον (Hom.+) used as the 2 aor. of ὁράω; mixed forms fr. 1 and 2 aor. somet. occur, and freq. as vv.ll. (B-D-F §81, 3; W-S. §13, 13; Rob. 337–39): εἶδα Rv 17:3 v.l.; εἴδαμεν Mk 2:12 v.l.; Ac 4:20, εἴδατε as v.l. Lk 7:22 and J 6:26, εἶδαν Mt 13:17; Mk 6:33 v.l.; Lk 10:24 al.; Ac 9:35. In gener., wherever εἶδον is read, the mixed form is found as v.l. Numerous mss. have both this and the phonetic spelling (B-D-F §23) ἴδον Rv 4:1; 6:1ff; ἴδες 1:19; ἴδεν Lk 5:2; Rv 1:2; ἴδομεν Lk 5:26; ἴδατε 7:22; ἴδετε Phil 1:30 (all as v.l.); subj. ἴδω; opt. ἴδοιμι; impv. ἴδε (Moeris p. 193 ἰδέ ἀττικῶς• ἴδε ἑλληνικῶς. W-S. §6, 7d; B-D-F §13; 101 p. 47 [ὁρᾶν]; Rob. 1215 [εἰδέω]; cp. PRyl 239, 21; LXX); inf. ἰδεῖν; ptc. ἰδών; mid. inf. ἰδέσθαι see. Since εἶδον functions as the aor. form of ὁράω, most of the mngs. found here will be duplicated s.v. ὁράω.

① to perceive by sight of the eye, see, perceive.

ⓐ w. acc. τινά, τὶ someone, someth. a star Mt 2:2; cp. vs. 9f; a child vs. 11; the Spirit of God as a dove 3:16; a light 4:16 (Is 9:2); two brothers vss. 18, 21 al. W. ἀκούειν (Lucian, Hist. Conscrib. 29) Lk 7:22; Ac 22:14; 1 Cor 2:9; Phil 1:27, 30; 4:9; Js 5:11. Contrasted w. πιστεύειν J 20:29 (cp. 2 Cor 5:7); look at someone Mk 8:33; J 21:21; at someth. critically Lk 14:18.—Also of visions that one sees (Sir 49:8): εἶδον κ. ἰδοὺ θύρα ἠνεῳγμένη ἐν τ. οὐρανῷ … κ. θρόνος … κ. ἐπὶ τὸν θρόνον καθήμενος … Rv 4:1f (TestLevi 5:1 ἤνοιξέ μοι ὁ ἄγγελος τ. πύλας τοῦ οὐρανοῦ. κ. εἶδον τὸν ὕψιστον ἐπὶ θρόνον καθήμενον). ἰδεῖν ὅραμα Ac 10:17; 11:5; 16:10. ἐν ὁράματι in a vision 9:12; 10:3; also ἐν τῇ ὁράσει Rv 9:17. ὑπʼ (πάρʼ Joly) ἐμοῦ πάντα ἰδεῖν Hs 9, 1, 3 B. ἰδεῖν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς see w. one’s own eyes Mt 13:15; J 12:40; Ac 28:27 (all three Is 6:10; cp. Just., A I, 32, 4 ὄψει … ἰδεῖν). The combination ἰδών εἶδον I have surely seen 7:34 (Ex 3:7) is Hebraistic (but cp. Lucian, D. Mar. 4, 3 Jacobitz). The ptc. with and without acc. freq. serves to continue a narrative Mt 2:10; 5:1; 8:34; Mk 5:22; 9:20; Lk 2:48 al. The acc. is to be supplied Mt 9:8, 11; 21:20; Mk 10:14; Lk 1:12; 2:17; Ac 3:12 al.

ⓑ w. acc. and a ptc. (LXX; En 104:6; Lucian, Philops. 13 εἶδον πετόμενον τὸν ξένον; Tat. 23, 1 εἶδον ἀνθρώπους … βεβαρημένους) ἰδὼν πολλοὺς ἐρχομένους when he saw many coming Mt 3:7. εἶδεν τὴν πενθερὰν αὐτοῦ βεβλημένην he saw his mother-in-law lying in bed (with fever) 8:14; cp. 9:9; 16:28; Ac 28:4 (cp. Jos., Ant. 7, 241); B 7:10; Hm 5, 2, 2 al.

ⓒ w. indir. question foll.: ἰδεῖν τὸν Ἰησοῦν τίς ἐστιν to see just who Jesus was Lk 19:3; ἰ. τί ἐστιν τὸ γεγονός what had happened Mk 5:14. ἴδωμεν εἰ ἔρχεται Ἠλίας let us see whether Elijah will come 15:36 (s. εἰ 5bα). ἴδωμεν τί καλόν 1 Cl 7:3. ἴδετε πηλίκοις ὑμῖν γράμμασιν ἔγραψα notice with what large letters I write to you Gal 6:11.

ⓓ w. ὅτι foll. Mk 2:16; 9:25; J 6:24; 11:31; Rv 12:13.

ⓔ the formulas (s. also ἴδε) ἔρχου καὶ ἴδε come and see J 1:46; 11:34; cp. 1:39 and ὑπάγετε ἴδετε Mk 6:38, borrowed fr. Semitic usage (cp. δεῦρο καὶ ἴδε, δεῦτε ἴδετε 4 Km 6:13; 7:14; 10:16; Ps 45:9; 65:5; ἐξέλθατε καὶ ἴδετε SSol 3:11), direct attention to a particular object.

② to become aware of someth. through sensitivity, feel (Alexis Com. 222, 4 ὀσμήν; Diod S 1, 39, 6 the blowing of the wind; Oenomaus in Eus., PE 5, 28, 2 τὴν θείαν φωνήν; Aristaen., Ep. 2, 7 ὄψει τὸ πήδημα [the beating of the heart]; Ezk 3:13 εἶδον φωνήν) σεισμόν Mt 27:54.

③ to take special note of someth., see, notice, note (Philo, Abr. 191; Just., D. 120, 1 ἴδοις ἂν ὁ λέγω) faith Mt 9:2; thoughts vs. 4; Lk 9:47 v.l.; God’s kindness Ro 11:22. W. ὅτι foll. Mt 27:3, 24; Ac 12:3; Gal 2:7, 14. W. indir. question foll. (X., Symp. 2, 15; Ar. 2, 1 al.) consider, ponder someth. ἴδετε ποταπὴν ἀγάπην δέδωκεν consider the outstanding love the Father has shown 1J 3:1. W. περί τινος (Epict. 1, 17, 10; 4, 8, 24, ‘see about’ someth.): περὶ τ. λόγου τούτου deliberate concerning this matter Ac 15:6 (cp. 18:15, a Latinism [?] videre de, ‘look into, see to, deal with’, JNorth, NTS 29, ’83, 264–66).

④ to experience someth., see someth.= experience someth. (Ps 26:13); prosperous days 1 Pt 3:10 (Ps 33:13); τ. βασιλείαν J 3:3. θάνατον see death=die Lk 2:26, echoed in GJs 24:4; cp. Hb 11:5 (cp. Ps 88:49; Anth. Pal. 6, 230 ἰδεῖν Ἀί̈δην). πένθος grief Rv 18:7 (cp. 1 Macc 13:3 τὰς στενοχωρίας; Eccl 6:6 ἀγαθωσύνην). τὴν διαφθοράν experience decay=decay Ac 2:27, 31; 13:35–37 (all Ps 15:10); τ. ἡμέραν (Soph., Oed. R. 831; Aristoph., Pax 345; Polyb. 10, 4, 7; 32, 10, 9; Ael. Aristid. 32 p. 601 D.; Lam 2:16; En 103:5; Jos., Ant. 6, 305): τὴν ἡμέραν τ. ἐμήν J 8:56; μίαν τῶν ἡμερῶν Lk 17:22.

⑤ to show an interest in, look after, visit (X., An. 2, 4, 15; Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 19 §73e visit a country place; 5, 62 §266 visit or look after a sick woman) Lk 8:20; Ac 16:40; 1 Cor 16:7. τὸ πρόσωπόν τινος (Lucian, Dial. Deor. 24, 2) visit someone 1 Th 2:17; 3:10; come or learn to know someone (Epict. 3, 9, 14 Ἐπίκτητον ἰδεῖν) Lk 9:9; 23:8; J 12:21; Ro 1:11; Phil 2:26 v.l.; w. προσλαλῆσαι Ac 28:20. See ἴδε, ἰδού, and ὁράω.—B. 1041. DELG s.v. ἰδεῖν. M-M. TW.

ὁμῑλ-έω, [dialect] Aeol. [ per.] 3sg. [tense] pres. [full] ὀμίλλει Alc.61.29 Lobel,

A to be in company with, consort with,

μνηστῆρσιν Od.2.21

, al., cf. X.Smp.2.10, Pl.R. 500c, etc.: with Preps.,

ἠὲ μετὰ Τρώεσσιν ὁμιλέοι ἦ μετ' Ἀχαιοῖς Il.5.86

, cf. 834 ;

ἐνὶ πρώτοισιν ὁ. 18.194

, cf. 535 ; πὰρ παύροισι.. ὁμιλεῖς consortest with few, Od.18.383.

2 abs.,

μηδ' ἄλλοθ' ὁμιλήσαντες

joining in company,

4.684

; περὶ νεκρὸν ὁ. throng about the corpse, Il.16.641, cf. Od.24.19.

II in hostile sense, join battle with,

ὁμιλέομεν Δαναοῖσιν Il.11.523

, cf. Od. 1.265 ;

μετὰ τοῖσιν Il.11.502

;

σὺν Λαπίθαισί σε Κενταύρων ὁμιλῆσαι δορί E.Andr. 792

(lyr.): abs., join battle,

εὖτ' ἂν πρῶτον ὁμιλήσωσι φάλαγγες Il.19.158

.

III of social intercourse, hold converse with, be acquainted with, associate with, τινι Hdt.3.130 ;

κακοῖς ἀνδράσιν A.Pers. 753

(troch.) ; ἀλλήλοις, μετ' ἀλλήλων, πρὸς ἀλλήλους, Pl.Smp. 188d, Plt. 272c, Lg. 886c ;

τούτῳ τῷ τρόπῳ πρὸς τοὺς ἐρωμένους ὁ. Id.Phdr. 252d

; so of political intercourse,

εἰθισμένος πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ ἴσου ὁ. Th.1.77

;

ἡμῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἴσου ὁ. Id.3.11

; of scholars, ὁ. τινί frequent a teacher's lectures, be his pupil, X.Mem.1.2.15,39 ; ὁ. τῇ Ὁμήρου ποιήσει to be familiar with it, Luc.Pr.Im.26 ; cf. ὁμιλητής.

2 to be friends,

οἱ μάλιστά τινι ὁμιλέοντες Hdt.3.99

.

3 speak to, address, harangue, c. dat., Plb.4.4.7 : abs.,

ὑπερηφάνως ὁ. Id.16.34.6

;

πρὸς ἵππον Babr.15.2

;

πρὸς ἀλλήλους Ev.Luc.24.14

: generally, speak, converse, Phld.Rh.1.116 S. ;

κατά τινα διάλεκτον S.E.M.9.179

;

Ἑβραϊστί J.AJ11.5.6

; ὁ. τινὶ περί τινος talk to.., POxy.928.5 (ii A.D.) :—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf. part.

ὡμιλημένος

used in conversation,

Phld.Rh.2.27S.

IV of marriage or sexual intercourse,

γυναιξὶ καὶ παρθένοις ὁ. X.An.3.2.25

;

παιδικοῖς Id.Mem.2.1.24

, etc. ;

σὺν τοῖς φιλτάτοις S.OT 367

, cf. 1185 ; cf. Moer.p.276 P.

V of things or business which one has to do with, attend to, busy oneself with, ὁμιλεῖν ἀρχῇ, πολέμῳ, Th.6.55,70 ;

καινοῖς πράγμασιν Ar.Nu. 1399

, cf.

ὁμιλία 1.4

; φιλοσοφίᾳ, γυμναστικῇ, Pl.R. 496b, 410c ;

παιδείᾳ OGI505.7

([place name] Aezani) ; ἐμ Μούσαις ib.282.16 (Magn. Mae., iii B.C.) ; πονηροτάτοις σώμασιν ὁ., of a physician, Pl.R. 408d ; also like χρῆσθαι, meet with, enjoy, ὁ. τύχαις to be in good fortune, Pi.N.1.61 ;

εὐτυχίᾳ ὁ. E.Or. 354

(lyr.) ; but also,

2 of the things themselves, πλαγίαις φρένεσσιν ὄλβος οὐ πάντα χρόνον ὁ. does not consort with a crooked mind, Pi.I.3.6, cf. P.7.6 ; κυλίκων νεῖμεν ἐμοὶ τέρψιν ὁμιλεῖν gave me their delight to keep me company, S.Aj. 1201 (lyr.) ;

πλοῦτος καὶ δειλοῖσιν ἀνθρώπων ὁμιλεῖ B.1.51

, cf. E.El. 940 : in physical sense, ὁ ὁ βραχίων τῷ κοίλῳ τῆς ὠμοπλάτης πλάγιος fils obliquely into.., Hp.Art.1 ; of a plaster, to be in contact,

ὁ. τῷ νοσέοντι μέρει Id.Medic.3

.

VI deal with a man, bear oneself towards him,

καλῶς ὁ. τινί Isoc.Ep.4.9

;

πρός τινα Id.2.24

;

τῷ δήμῳ πρὸς χάριν Arist.Ath.35.3

(so in [voice] Pass.,

συνειθισμένοι ὑπὸ πάντων πρὸς χάριν ὁμιλεῖσθαι Phld.Lib.p.62

O.) ; ταῦτα ἡ ἐμὴ νεότης.. ἐς τὴν Πελοποννησίων δύναμιν.. ὡμίλησε these were the achievements of my youth in intercourse with their power, Th.6.17.

VII of place, come into, enter, visit, c. dat.,

διαβάντες τὸν Ἅλυν.. ὡμίλησαν τῇ Φρυγίῃ Hdt.7.26

, cf. 214, Pi.P.7.8 ; βαρεῖα χώρᾳ τῇδ' ὁ. heavily will I visit this land, A. Eu. 720 ;

ὁ. παρ' οἰκείαις ἀρούραις Pi.O.12.19

;

ὁ. τοιᾷδε πόλει Eup. 292

; poet. also

ὁ. ἄνθεσιν Simon.47

:—[voice] Pass.,

τὰ ὁμιλούμενα τῶν χωρίων

most frequented,

Philostr.VA1.16

.

VIII ἐκτὸς ὁμιλεῖ (sc. τῶν ξυντρόφων ὀργῶν ) he wanders from his senses, S.Aj. 640 (lyr.).

θεός, ὁ, [dialect] Boeot. [full] θιός, [dialect] Lacon. [full] σιός (v. infr.), Cypr., Cret. [full] θιός Inscr.Cypr.135.27 H., Leg.Gort.1.1, [dialect] Dor. also [full] θεύς Call.Cer.58; acc. θεῦν v.l. ib. 130; voc. (only late) θεός, also

A

θεέ LXXDe.3.24

, Ev.Matt. 27.46, PMag.Lond.121.529, etc.; but classical in compd. names, Ἀμφίθεε, Τιμόθεε:—God, the Deity, in general sense, both sg. and pl. (

εἰ καὶ ἐπὶ θεοὺς καὶ ἔτι μᾶλλον ἐπὶ θεὸν ἁρμόζει μεταφέρειν Plot.6.8.1

), θ. δὲ τὸ μὲν δώσει τὸ δ' ἐάσει God will grant.., Od.14.444;

οὐδέ κεν ἄλλως οὐδὲ θ. τεύξειε 8.177

, cf. 3.231, Il.13.730 (also

θεὸς Ζεύς Od.4.236

, 14.327);

θ. καὶ ἀγαθὴ τύχη Pl.Lg. 757e

, cf. Timocl.3 D.;

σὺν θεῷ Il.9.49

, S.Aj. 765, etc. (less freq. ξὺν τῷ θ. ib. 383); σὺν θ. εἰρημένον Hdt.1.86, cf. 3.153;

σὺν θ. εἰπεῖν Pl.Prt. 317b

: so in pl.,

σύν γε θεοῖσιν Il.24.430

;

οὔ τοι ἄνευ θεοῦ Od.2.372

; οὐ θεῶν ἄτερ pi.P.5.76;

ἐκ θεόφι Il.17.101

; ὑπὲρ θεόν against his will, 17.327;

ἂν θ. θέλῃ Alex. 231

;

θ. θέλοντος Men.Mon. 671

: in pl.,

ἂν θεοὶ θέλωσιν Alex.247

; θεῶν συνεθελόντων, βουλομένων, X.Eq.Mag.9.8, Luc.Macr.29;

εἰ ὀρθῶς ἢ μή, θ. οἶδε Pl.Phdr. 266b

, cf.R. 517b, etc.; in oaths,

θ. ἴστω S.OC 522

(lyr.), etc.;

πρὸς θεῶν Hdt.5.49

, D.1.15, etc.:

τοὺς θεούς σοι

bless you! good heavens! for heaven's sake!

M.Ant.7.17

, Arr.Epict.2.19.15, al.; τὸν θ. σοι ib.3.7.19, al.: qualified by τις, Od.9.142, etc.;

οὐκ ἄνευ θεῶν τινος A.Pers. 164

(troch.), E.Ba. 764;

κατὰ θεόν τινα Id.IA 411

, Pl. Euthd. 272e;

κατὰ θεόν πως εἰρημένα Id.Lg. 682a

: doubled in poets,

θεὸν θεόν τις ἀγλαϊζέτω B.3.21

, cf. Diagor.1;

θεοὶ θεοὶ τῶν ἀδίκων μέλουσι E.HF 772

, cf. Paus.Gr.Fr.203; θεοί (Cret. θιοί) as an opening formula in Inscrr. (sc. τύχην ἀγαθὴν διδοῖεν), Leg.Gort.1.1, IG 12.52, etc.: sg., θ. τύχη ib.5(2).1, etc.: in Prose also with the Art.,

ὁ θ. πάντων ἂν εἴη αἴτιος Pl.R. 379c

, cf. Lg. 716c, etc.; τὰ πρὸς τοὺς θ., τὰ παρὰ τῶν θ., X.Mem.1.3.1, 2.6.8.

b θεοί, opp.

ἄνδρες, πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε Il.1.544

;

ὃν Ξάνθον καλέουσι θ., ἄνδρες δὲ Σκάμανδρον 20.74

: in Comparisons,

θεοῖσιν ἶσ' ἔθελε φρονέειν 5.440

;

θεοῖς ἐναλίγκια μήδεα Od.13.89

; also in sg.,

θεῷ ἐναλίγκιος αὐδήν Il.19.250

;

θεὸς ὥς 5.78

;

ὥς τε θεός 3.381

: prov., θεὸς πρὸς ἀνθρώπους, of an 'angel's visit', Herod.1.9.

c of special divinities, νέρτεροι θ. A.Pers. 622, S.Ant. 602 (lyr.); ἐνέρτεροι θ. Il.15.225; οἱ κάτωθεν θ. S.Ant. 1070;

θ. οὐράνιοι h.Cer.55

, A.Ag.90 (anap.); οἱ δώδεκα θ. Ar.Eq. 235, X.Eq.Mag.3.2, IG22.30, etc.; μὰ τοὺς δώδεκα θ. Men.Sam.91; in dual, τὼ σιώ ([dialect] Lacon.), of Castor and Pollux, ναὶ τὼ ς. X.An.6.6.34, HG4.4.10, Ar.Lys.81: so in [dialect] Boeot., of Amphion and Zethus, νεὶ τὼ σιώ (leg. θιώ) Id.Ach. 905.

d ὁ θ., of natural phenomena, ὁ θ. ὕει (sc. Ζεύς) Hdt.2.13;

ὁ θ. ἐνέσκηψε βέλος Id.4.79

; ἔσεισεν ὁ θ. (sc. Ποσειδῶν) X.HG4.7.4; of the sun, Hdt.2.24, A.Pers. 502, E.Alc. 722; δύνοντος τοῦ θ. App.BC4.79; the weather, τί δοκεῖ τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ; Thphr.Char.25.2.

e Astrol., θεοί,= ἀστέρες, Jul. Laod.in Cat.Cod.Astr.8(4).252.

f θεός (sc. Ἥλιος), name of the 9th τόπος, Rhetor.ib.163, etc.

2 metaph., of abstract things,

τὸ δ' εὐτυχεῖν τόδ' ἐν βροτοῖς θεός τε καὶ θεοῦ πλέον A.Ch.60

;

ἡ φρόνησις ἁγαθὴ θ. μέγας S.Fr. 922

;

θ. γὰρ καὶ τὸ γιγνώσκειν φίλους E.Hel.

<*>60; ὁ πλοῦτος τοῖς σοφοῖς θ. Id.Cyc. 316; φθόνος κάκιστος θ. Hippothoon 2.

3 as title of rulers, θεῶν ἀδελφῶν (sc. Ptolemy Il and Arsinoe), Herod.1.30, etc.;

Πτολεμαῖος ὑπάρχων θεὸς ἐκ θεοῦ καὶ θεᾶς OGI90.10

(Rosetta, ii B.C.);

Ἀντίοχος ὅτῳ θεὸς ἐπώνυμον γίγνεται App.Syr.65

; θεὸς ἐκ θεοῦ, of Augustus, OGI655.2 (Egypt, 24 B.C.);

θ. ἡμῶν καὶ δεσπότης IPE4.71

(Cherson., ii A.D.).

b = Lat. Divus, Mon.Anc.Gr.10.4, Str.4.1.1, etc.; οἱ ἐν θεοῖς αὐτοκράτορες,= divi Imperatores, IG12(1).786 ([place name] Rhodes).

c generally of the dead,

καὶ ζῶντός σου καὶ εἰς θεοὺς ἀπελθόντος PPetr.2p.45

(iii B.C.); θεοῖς χθονίοις,= Lat. Dis Manibus, IG14.30,al.

4 one set in authority, judge, τὸ κριτήριον τοῦ θ., ἐνώπιον τοῦ θ., LXXEx.21.6, 22.8; θεοὺς οὐ κακολογήσεις ib.22.28(27).

II θεός fem., goddess,

μήτε θήλεια θεός, μήτε τις ἄρσην Il.8.7

, cf. Hdt.2.35, al.;

τοῖς θεοῖς εὔχομαι πᾶσι καὶ πάσαις D.18.1

, cf. 141, Orac.ib.21.52; esp. at Athens, of Athena, Decr. ap. And.1.77, Pl.Ti. 21a, etc.; ἁ Διὸς θεός, Ζηνὸς ἡ θ., S.Aj. 401 (lyr.), 952 ( ἡ Διὸς θεά ib. 450); of other goddesses,

ποντία θεός Pi.I. 8(7).36

; ἡ νερτέρα θ.,= Περσεφόνη, S.OC 1548, etc.; of Thetis, Pl. Ap. 28c; of Niobe, S.El. 150 (lyr.), Ant. 834 (anap.): in dual, of Demeter and Persephone,

τὰ τοῖν θεοῖν ψηφίσματα Ar.V. 378

(lyr.);

οὐδ' ἔδεισε τὼ θεώ And.1.125

; freq. in oaths,

νὴ τὼ θεώ Ar.Lys. 112

;

μὰ τὼ θεώ Id.Ec. 155

, 532.

III as Adj. in [comp] Comp. θεώτερος, divine, θύραι θ., opp. καταιβαταὶ ἀνθρώποισιν, Od.13.111; χορὸς θ. Call.Ap. 93, cf.Dian. 249, D.P.257. (Derived by Hdt.2.52 fr. τίθημι ([etym.] κόσμῳ θέντες τὰ πρήγματα), by Pl.Cra. 397d fr. θεῖν. Etym. dub.) [In [dialect] Ep. (twice in Hom.) and Trag. (E.Ba.47, 1347, al., not in Com.), as monosyll. by synizesis,

θεοί Il.1.18

, Thgn.142;

θεῶν h.Cer.55

, 259;

θεοῖς Thgn.171

;

θεοῖσιν Od.14.251

;

θεούς h.Cer. 325

: even in nom. θεός before a vowel, E.Or. 399 (cf. Pors. ad loc.), HF 347; in Pi.P. 1.56 apptly. a short monosyll.]

ἐν prep. w. dat. (Hom.+). For lit. s. ἀνά and εἰς, beg. For special NT uses s. AOepke, TW II 534–39. The uses of this prep. are so many and various, and oft. so easily confused, that a strictly systematic treatment is impossible. It must suffice to list the main categories, which will help establish the usage in individual cases. The earliest auditors/readers, not being inconvenienced by grammatical and lexical debates, would readily absorb the context and experience little difficulty.

① marker of a position defined as being in a location, in, among (the basic idea, Rob. 586f)

ⓐ of the space or place within which someth. is found, in: ἐν τῇ πόλει Lk 7:37. ἐν Βηθλέεμ Mt 2:1. ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ 3:1 (Just., D. 19, 5, cp. A I, 12, 6 ἐν ἐρημίᾳ) ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ Ac 5:42. ἐν οἴκῳ 1 Ti 3:15 and very oft. ἐν τοῖς τοῦ πατρός μου in my Father’s house Lk 2:49 and perh. Mt 20:15 (cp. Jos., Ant. 16, 302, C. Ap. 1, 118 ἐν τοῖς τοῦ Διός; PTebt 12, 3; POxy 523, 3; Tob 6:11 S; Goodsp., Probs. 81–83). ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ Mt 20:3. ἐν (τῷ) οὐρανῷ in heaven (Arat., Phaen. 10; Diod S 4, 61, 6; Plut., Mor. 359d τὰς ψυχὰς ἐν οὐρανῷ λάμπειν ἄστρα; Tat. 12, 2 τὰ ἄστρα τὰ ἐν αὐτῷ) Ac 2:19 (Jo 3:3); Rv 12:1; IEph 19:2.—W. quotations and accounts of the subject matter of literary works: in (Ps.-Demetr. c. 226 ὡς ἐν τῷ Εὐθυδήμῳ; Simplicius in Epict. p. 28, 37 ἐν τῷ Φαίδωνι; Ammon. Hermiae in Aristot. De Interpret. c. 9 p. 136, 20 Busse ἐν Τιμαίῳ παρειλήφαμεν=we have received as a tradition; 2 Macc 2:4; 1 Esdr 1:40; 5:48; Sir 50:27; Just., A I, 60, 1 ἐν τῷ παρὰ Πλάτωνι Τιμαίῳ) ἐν τῇ ἐπιστολῇ 1 Cor 5:9. ἐν τῷ νόμῳ Lk 24:44; J 1:45. ἐν τοῖς προφήταις Ac 13:40. ἐν Ἠλίᾳ in the story of Elijah Ro 11:2 (Just., D. 120, 3 ἐν τῷ Ἰούδα). ἐν τῷ Ὡσηέ 9:25 (Just., D. 44, 2 ἐν τῷ Ἰεζεκιήλ). ἐν Δαυίδ in the Psalter ( by David is also prob.: s. 6) Hb 4:7. ἐν ἑτέρῳ προφήτῃ in another prophet B 6:14. Of inner life φανεροῦσθαι ἐν ταῖς συνειδήσεσι be made known to (your) consciences 2 Cor 5:11. ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ Mt 5:28; 13:19; 2 Cor 11:12 et al.

ⓑ on ἐν τῷ ὄρει (X., An. 4, 3, 31; Diod S 14, 16, 2 λόφος ἐν ᾧ=a hill on which; Jos., Ant. 12, 259; Just., D. 67, 9 ἐν ὄρει Χωρήβ) J 4:20f; Hb 8:5 (Ex 25:40). ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ in the market Mt 20:3. ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ on the way Mt 5:25. ἐν πλαξίν on tablets 2 Cor 3:3. ἐν ταῖς γωνίαις τῶν πλατειῶν on the street corners Mt 6:5.

ⓒ within the range of, at, near (Soph., Fgm. 37 [34 N.²] ἐν παντὶ λίθῳ=near every stone; Artem. 4, 24 p. 217, 19 ἐν Τύρῳ=near Tyre; Polyaenus 8, 24, 7 ἐν τῇ νησῖδι=near the island; Diog. L. 1, 34; 85; 97 τὰ ἐν ποσίν=what is before one’s feet; Jos., Vi. 227 ἐν Χαβωλώ) ἐν τῷ γαζοφυλακείῳ (q.v.) J 8:20. ἐν τῷ Σιλωάμ near the pool of Siloam Lk 13:4. καθίζειν ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ τινος sit at someone’s right hand (cp. 1 Esdr 4:29) Eph 1:20; Hb 1:3; 8:1.

ⓓ among, in (Hom.+; PTebt 58, 41 [111 B.C.]; Sir 16:6; 31:9; 1 Macc 4:58; 5:2; TestAbr B 9 p. 13, 27 [Stone p. 74]; Just., A I, 5, 4 ἐν βαρβάροις) ἐν τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ in the generation now living Mk 8:38. ἐν τῷ γένει μου among my people Gal 1:14 (Just., D. 51, 1 al. ἐν τῷ γένει ὑμῶν). ἐν ἡμῖν Hb 13:26. ἐν τῷ ὄχλῳ in the crowd Mk 5:30 (cp. Sir 7:7). ἐν ἀλλήλοις mutually (Thu. 1, 24, 4; Just., D. 101, 3) Ro 1:12; 15:5. ἐν τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν (=among the commanding officers: Diod S 18, 61, 2; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 21 §84) Ἰούδα Mt 2:6 et al. ἐν ἀνθρώποις among people (as Himerius, Or. 48 [14], 11; Just., A I, 23, 3, D. 64, 7) Lk 2:14; cp. Ac 4:12.

ⓔ before, in the presence of, etc. (cp. Od. 2, 194; Eur., Andr. 359; Pla., Leg. 9, 879b; Demosth. 24, 207; Polyb. 5, 39, 6; Epict. 3, 22, 8; Appian, Maced. 18 §2 ἐν τοῖς φίλοις=in the presence of his friends; Sir 19:8; Jdth 6:2; PPetr. II, 4 [6], 16 [255/254 B.C.] δινὸν γάρ ἐστιν ἐν ὄχλῳ ἀτιμάζεσθαι=before a crowd) σοφίαν λαλοῦμεν ἐν τοῖς τελείοις in the presence of mature (i.e. spiritually sophisticated) adults 1 Cor 2:6 (cp. Simplicius in Epict. p. 131, 20 λέγειν τὰ θεωρήματα ἐν ἰδιώταις). ἐν τ. ὠσὶν ὑμῶν in your hearing Lk 4:21 (cp. Judg 17:2; 4 Km 23:2; Bar 1:3f), where the words can go linguistically just as well w. πεπλήρωται as w. ἡ γραφὴ αὕτη (this passage of scripture read in your hearing). ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς τινος in someone’s eyes, i.e. judgment (Wsd 3:2; Sir 8:16; Jdth 3:4; 12:14; 1 Macc 1:12) Mt 21:42 (Ps 117:23). ἔν τινι in the same mng. as early as Trag. (Soph., Oed. C. 1213 ἐν ἐμοί=in my judgment, Ant. 925 ἐν θεοῖς καλά; also Pla., Prot. 337b; 343c) ἐν ἐμοί 1 Cor 14:11; possibly J 3:21 (s. 4c below) and Jd 1 belong here.—In the ‘forensic’ sense ἔν τινι can mean in someone’s court or forum (Soph., Ant. 459; Pla., Gorg. 464d, Leg. 11, 916b; Ael. Aristid. 38, 3 K.=7 p. 71 D.; 46 p. 283, 334 D.; Diod S 19, 51, 4; Ps.-Heraclit., Ep. 4, 6; but in several of these pass. the mng. does not go significantly beyond ‘in the presence of’ [s. above]) ἐν ὑμῖν 1 Cor 6:2 ( by you is also tenable; s. 6 below).

ⓕ esp. to describe certain processes, inward: ἐν ἑαυτῷ to himself, i.e. in silence, διαλογίζεσθαι Mk 2:8; Lk 12:17; διαπορεῖν Ac 10:17; εἰδέναι J 6:61; λέγειν Mt 3:9; 9:21; Lk 7:49; εἰπεῖν 7:39 al.; ἐμβριμᾶσθαι J 11:38.

② marker of a state or condition, in

ⓐ of being clothed and metaphors assoc. with such condition in, with (Hdt. 2, 159; X., Mem. 3, 11, 4; Diod S 1, 12, 9; Herodian 2, 13, 3; Jdth 10:3; 1 Macc 6:35; 2 Macc 3:33) ἠμφιεσμένον ἐν μαλακοῖς dressed in soft clothes Mt 11:8. περιβάλλεσθαι ἐν ἱματίοις Rv 3:5; 4:4. ἔρχεσθαι ἐν ἐνδύμασι προβάτων come in sheep’s clothing Mt 7:15. περιπατεῖν ἐν στολαῖς walk about in long robes Mk 12:38 (Tat. 2, 1 ἐν πορφυρίδι περιπατῶν); cp. Ac 10:30; Mt 11:21; Lk 10:13. ἐν λευκοῖς in white (Artem. 2, 3; 4, 2 ἐν λευκοῖς προϊέναι; Epict. 3, 22, 1) J 20:12; Hv 4, 2, 1. Prob. corresp. ἐν σαρκί clothed in flesh (cp. Diod S 1, 12, 9 deities appear ἐν ζῴων μορφαῖς) 1 Ti 3:16; 1J 4:2; 2J 7. ἐν πάσῃ τῇ δόξῃ αὐτοῦ in all his glory Mt 6:29 (cp. 1 Macc 10:86). ἐν τ. δόξῃ τοῦ πατρός clothed in his Father’s glory 16:27; cp. 25:31; Mk 8:38; Lk 9:31.

ⓑ of other states and conditions (so freq. w. γίνομαι, εἰμί; Attic wr.; PPetr II, 11 [1], 8 [III B.C.] γράφε, ἵνα εἰδῶμεν ἐν οἷς εἶ; 39 [g], 16; UPZ 110, 176 [164 B.C.] et al.; LXX; Just., A I, 13, 2 πάλιν ἐν ἀφθαρσίᾳ γενέσθαι; 67, 6 τοῖς ἐν χρείᾳ οὖσι; Tat. 20, 1f οὐκ ἔστι γὰρ ἄπειρος ὁ οὐρανός, … πεπερασμένος δὲ καὶ ἐν τέρματι; Mel., HE 4, 26, 6 ἐν … λεηλασίᾳ ‘plundering’): ὑπάρχων ἐν βασάνοις Lk 16:23. ἐν τῷ θανάτῳ 1J 3:14. ἐν ζωῇ Ro 5:10. ἐν τοῖς δεσμοῖς Phlm 13 (Just., A II, 2, 11 ἐν δ. γενέσθαι). ἐν πειρασμοῖς 1 Pt 1:6; ἐν πολλοῖς ὢν ἀστοχήμασι AcPlCor 2:1. ἐν ὁμοιώματι σαρκός Ro 8:3. ἐν πολλῷ ἀγῶνι 1 Th 2:2. ἐν φθορᾷ in a state of corruptibility 1 Cor 15:42. ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ἔχειν 2 Cor 10:6 (cp. PEleph 10, 7 [223/222 B.C.] τ. λοιπῶν ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ὄντων; PGen 76, 8; 3 Macc 5:8); ἐν ἐκστάσει in a state of trance Ac 11:5 (opp. Just., D, 115, 3 ἐν καταστάσει ὤν). Of qualities: ἐν πίστει κ. ἀγάπῃ κ. ἁγιασμῷ 1 Ti 2:15; ἐν κακίᾳ καὶ φθόνῳ Tit 3:3; ἐν πανουργίᾳ 2 Cor 4:2; ἐν εὐσεβείᾳ καὶ σεμνότητι 1 Ti 2:2; ἐν τῇ ἀνοχῇ τοῦ θεοῦ Ro 3:26; ἐν μυστηρίῳ 1 Cor 2:7; ἐν δόξῃ Phil 4:19.

③ marker of extension toward a goal that is understood to be within an area or condition, into: ἐν is somet. used w. verbs of motion where εἰς would normally be expected (Diod S 23, 8, 1 Ἄννων ἐπέρασε ἐν Σικελίᾳ; Hero I 142, 7; 182, 4; Paus. 7, 4, 3 διαβάντες ἐν τῇ Σάμῳ; Epict. 1, 11, 32; 2, 20, 33; Aelian, VH 4, 18; Vett. Val. 210, 26; 212, 6 al., s. index; Pel.-Leg. 1, 4; 5; 2, 1; PParis 10, 2 [145 B.C.] ἀνακεχώρηκεν ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ; POxy 294, 4; BGU 22, 13; Tob 5:5 BA; 1 Macc 10:43; TestAbr B 2 p. 106, 23=Stone p. 60 [s. on the LXX Thackeray 25]; πέμψον αὐτοὺς ἐν πολέμῳ En 10:9; TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 22 [Stone p. 14] δάκρυα … ἐν τῷ νιπτῆρι πίπτοντα): εἰσέρχεσθαι Lk 9:46; Rv 11:11; ἀπάγειν GJs 6:1; ἀνάγειν 7:1; εἰσάγειν 10:1; καταβαίνειν J 5:3 (4) v.l.; ἀναβαίνειν GJs 22:13; ἀπέρχεσθαι (Diod S 23, 18, 5) Hs 1:6; ἥκειν GJs 5:1; ἀποστέλλειν 25:1. To be understood otherwise: ἐξῆλθεν ὁ λόγος ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ the word went out = spread in all Judaea Lk 7:17; likew. 1 Th 1:8. The metaphorical expr. ἐπιστρέψαι ἀπειθεῖς ἐν φρονήσει δικαίων turn the disobedient to the wisdom of the righteous Lk 1:17 is striking but consistent w. the basic sense of ἐν. S. also γίνομαι, δίδωμι, ἵστημι, καλέω, and τίθημι. ἐν μέσῳ among somet. answers to the question ‘whither’ (B-D-F §215, 3) Mt 10:16; Lk 10:3; 8:7.

④ marker of close association within a limit, in

ⓐ fig., of pers., to indicate the state of being filled w. or gripped by someth.: in someone=in one’s innermost being ἐν αὐτῷ κατοικεῖ πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα in him dwells all the fullness Col 2:9. ἐν αὐτῷ ἐκτίσθη τὰ πάντα (prob. to be understood as local, not instrumental, since ἐν αὐ. would otherwise be identical w. διʼ αὐ. in the same vs.) everything was created in association with him 1:16 (cp. M. Ant. 4, 23 ἐν σοὶ πάντα; Herm. Wr. 5, 10; AFeuillet, NTS 12, ’65, 1–9). ἐν τῷ θεῷ κέκρυπται ἡ ζωὴ ὑμῶν your life is hid in God 3:3; cp. 2:3. Of sin in humans Ro 7:17f; cp. κατεργάζεσθαι vs. 8. Of Christ who, as a spiritual being, fills people so as to be in charge of their lives 8:10; 2 Cor 13:5, abides J 6:56, lives Gal 2:20, and takes form 4:19 in them. Of the divine word: οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἡμῖν 1J 1:10; μένειν ἔν τινι J 5:38; ἐνοικεῖν Col 3:16. Of God’s spirit: οἰκεῖν (ἐνοικεῖν) ἔν τινι Ro 8:9, 11; 1 Cor 3:16; 2 Ti 1:14. Of spiritual gifts 1 Ti 4:14; 2 Ti 1:6. Of miraculous powers ἐνεργεῖν ἔν τινι be at work in someone Mt 14:2; Mk 6:14; ποιεῖν ἔν τινι εὐάρεστον Hb 13:21. The same expr. of God or evil spirits, who somehow work in people: 1 Cor 12:6; Phil 2:13; Eph 2:2 al.

ⓑ of the whole, w. which the parts are closely joined: μένειν ἐν τῇ ἀμπέλῳ remain in the vine J 15:4. ἐν ἑνὶ σώματι μέλη πολλὰ ἔχομεν in one body we have many members Ro 12:4. κρέμασθαι ἔν τινι depend on someth. Mt 22:40.

ⓒ esp. in Paul. or Joh. usage, to designate a close personal relation in which the referent of the ἐν-term is viewed as the controlling influence: under the control of, under the influence of, in close association with (cp. ἐν τῷ Δαυιδ εἰμί 2 Km 19:44): of Christ εἶναι, μένειν ἐν τῷ πατρί (ἐν τῷ θεῷ) J 10:38; 14:10f (difft. CGordon, ‘In’ of Predication or Equivalence: JBL 100, ’81, 612f); and of Christians 1J 3:24; 4:13, 15f; be or abide in Christ J 14:20; 15:4f; μένειν ἐν τῷ υἱῷ καὶ ἐν τῷ πατρί 1J 2:24. ἔργα ἐν θεῷ εἰργασμένα done in communion with God J 3:21 (but s. 1e above).—In Paul the relation of the individual to Christ is very oft. expressed by such phrases as ἐν Χριστῷ, ἐν κυρίῳ etc., also vice versa (FNeugebauer, NTS 4, ’57/58, 124–38; AWedderburn, JSNT 25, ’85, 83–97) ἐν ἐμοὶ Χριστός Gal 2:20, but here in the sense of a above.—See, e.g., Dssm., D. ntl. Formel ‘in Christo Jesu’ 1892; EWeber, D. Formel ‘in Chr. Jesu’ u. d. paul. Christusmystik: NKZ 31, 1920, 213ff; LBrun, Zur Formel ‘in Chr. Jesus’ im Phil: Symbolae Arctoae 1, 1922, 19–37; MHansen, Omkring Paulus-Formeln ‘i Kristus’: TK 4/10, 1929, 135–59; HBöhlig, ʼΕν κυρίῳ: GHeinrici Festschr. 1914, 170–75; OSchmitz, D. Christusgemeinschaft d. Pls² ’56; AWikenhauser, D. Christusmystik d. Pls² ’56; KMittring, Heilswirklichkeit b. Pls; Beitrag z. Verständnis der unio cum Christo in d. Plsbriefen 1929; ASchweitzer, D. Mystik d. Ap. Pls 1930 (Eng. tr., WMontgomery, The Myst. of Paul the Ap., ’31); WSchmauch, In Christus ’35; BEaston, Pastoral Ep. ’47, 210f; FBüchsel, ‘In Chr.’ b. Pls: ZNW 42, ’49, 141–58. Also HKorn, D. Nachwirkungen d. Christusmystik d. Pls in den Apost. Vätern, diss. Berlin 1928; EAndrews, Interpretation 6, ’52, 162–77; H-LParisius, ZNW 49, ’58, 285–88 (10 ‘forensic’ passages); JAllan, NTS 5, ’58/59, 54–62 (Eph), ibid. 10, ’63, 115–21 (pastorals); FNeugebauer, In Christus, etc. ’61; MDahl, The Resurrection of the Body ( 1 Cor 15) ’62, 110–13.—Paul has the most varied expressions for this new life-principle: life in Christ Ro 6:11, 23; love in Christ 8:39; grace, which is given in Christ 1 Cor 1:4; freedom in Chr. Gal 2:4; blessing in Chr. 3:14; unity in Chr. vs. 28. στήκειν ἐν κυρίῳ stand firm in the Lord Phil 4:1; εὑρεθῆναι ἐν Χ. be found in Christ 3:9; εἶναι ἐν Χ. 1 Cor 1:30; οἱ ἐν Χ. Ro 8:1.—1 Pt 5:14; κοιμᾶσθαι ἐν Χ., ἀποθνῄσκειν ἐν κυρίῳ 1 Cor 15:18.—Rv 14:13; ζῳοποιεῖσθαι 1 Cor 15:22.—The formula is esp. common w. verbs that denote a conviction, hope, etc. πεποιθέναι Gal 5:10; Phil 1:14; 2 Th 3:4. παρρησίαν ἔχειν Phlm 8. πέπεισμαι Ro 14:14. ἐλπίζειν Phil 2:19. καύχησιν ἔχειν Ro 15:17; 1 Cor 15:31. τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν Phil 4:2. ὑπακούειν Eph 6:1. λαλεῖν 2 Cor 2:17; 12:19. ἀλήθειαν λέγειν Ro 9:1. λέγειν καὶ μαρτύρεσθαι Eph 4:17. But also apart fr. such verbs, in numerous pass. it is used w. verbs and nouns of the most varied sort, often without special emphasis, to indicate the scope within which someth. takes place or has taken place, or to designate someth. as being in close assoc. w. Christ, and can be rendered, variously, in connection with, in intimate association with, keeping in mind ἁγιάζεσθαι 1 Cor 1:2, or ἅγιος ἐν Χ. Phil 1:1; ἀσπάζεσθαί τινα 1 Cor 16:19. δικαιοῦσθαι Gal 2:17. κοπιᾶν Ro 16:12. παρακαλεῖν 1 Th 4:1. προσδέχεσθαί τινα Ro 16:2; Phil 2:29. χαίρειν 3:1; 4:4, 10. γαμηθῆναι ἐν κυρίῳ marry in the Lord=marry a Christian 1 Cor 7:39. προϊστάμενοι ὑμῶν ἐν κυρίῳ your Christian leaders (in the church) 1 Th 5:12 (but s. προί̈στημι 1 and 2).—εὐάρεστος Col 3:20. νήπιος 1 Cor 3:1. φρόνιμος 4:10. παιδαγωγοί vs. 15. ὁδοί vs. 17. Hence used in periphrasis for ‘Christian’ οἱ ὄντες ἐν κυρίῳ Ro 16:11; ἄνθρωπος ἐν Χ. 2 Cor 12:2; αἱ ἐκκλησίαι αἱ ἐν Χ. Gal 1:22; 1 Th 2:14; νεκροὶ ἐν Χ. 4:16; ἐκλεκτός Ro 16:13. δόκιμος vs. 10. δέσμιος Eph 4:1. πιστὸς διάκονος 6:21; ἐν Χ. γεννᾶν τινα become someone’s parent in the Christian life 1 Cor 4:15. τὸ ἔργον μου ὑμεῖς ἐστε ἐν κυρίῳ 9:1.—The use of ἐν πνεύματι as a formulaic expression is sim.: ἐν πν. εἶναι be under the impulsion of the spirit, i.e. the new self, as opposed to ἐν σαρκί under the domination of the old self Ro 8:9; cp. ἐν νόμῳ 2:12. λαλεῖν speak under divine inspiration 1 Cor 12:3. ἐγενόμην ἐν πνεύματι I was in a state of inspiration Rv 1:10; 4:2; opp. ἐν ἑαυτῷ γενόμενος came to himself Ac 12:11 (cp. X., An. 1, 5, 17 et al.).—The expr. ἐν πν. εἶναι is also used to express the idea that someone is under the special infl. of a good or even an undesirable spirit: Mt 22:43; Mk 12:36; Lk 2:27; 1 Cor 12:3; Rv 17:3; 21:10. ἄνθρωπος ἐν πν. ἀκαθάρτῳ (ὤν) Mk 1:23 (s. GBjörck, ConNeot 7, ’42, 1–3).—ἐν τῷ πονηρῷ κεῖσθαι be in the power of the evil one 1J 5:19. οἱ ἐν νόμῳ those who are subject to the law Ro 3:19. ἐν τῷ Ἀδὰμ ἀποθνῄσκειν die because of a connection w. Adam 1 Cor 15:22.—On the formula ἐν ὀνόματι (Χριστοῦ) s. ὄνομα 1, esp. dγג. The OT is the source of the expr. ὀμνύναι ἔν τινι swear by someone or someth. (oft. LXX) Mt 5:34ff; 23:16, 18ff; Rv 10:6; παραγγέλλομέν σοι ἐν Ἰησοῦ Ac 19:14 v.l. The usage in ὁμολογεῖν ἔν τινι acknowledge someone Mt 10:32; Lk 12:8 (s. ὁμολογέω 4b) is Aramaic.

⑤ marker introducing means or instrument, with, a construction that begins w. Homer (many examples of instrumental ἐν in Radermacher’s edition of Ps.-Demetr., Eloc. p. 100; Reader, Polemo p. 258) but whose wide currency in our lit. is partly caused by the infl. of the LXX, and its similarity to the Hebr. constr. w. בְּ (B-D-F §219; Mlt. 104; Mlt-H. 463f; s. esp. M-M p. 210).

ⓐ it can serve to introduce persons or things that accompany someone to secure an objective: ‘along with’

α. pers., esp. of a military force, w. blending of associative (s. 4) and instrumental idea (1 Macc 1:17; 7:14, 28 al.): ἐν δέκα χιλιάσιν ὑπαντῆσαι meet, w. 10,000 men Lk 14:31 (cp. 1 Macc 4:6, 29 συνήντησεν αὐτοῖς Ἰούδας ἐν δέκα χιλιάσιν ἀνδρῶν). ἦλθεν ἐν μυριάσιν αὐτοῦ Jd 14 (cp. Jdth 16:3 ἦλθεν ἐν μυριάσι δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ).

β. impers. (oft. LXX; PTebt 41, 5 [c. 119 B.C.]; 16, 14 [114 B.C.]; 45, 17 al., where people rush into the village or the house ἐν μαχαίρῃ, ἐν ὅπλοις). (Just., D. 86, 6 τῆς ἀξίνης, ἐν ἧ πεπορευμένοι ἦσαν … κόψαι ξύλα) ἐν ῥάβδῳ ἔρχεσθαι come with a stick (as a means of discipline) 1 Cor 4:21 (cp. Lucian, Dial. Mort. 23, 3 Ἑρμῆν καθικόμενον ἐν τῇ ῥάβδῳ; Gen 32:11; 1 Km 17:43; 1 Ch 11:23; Dssm., B 115f [BS 120]). ἐν πληρώματι εὐλογίας with the full blessing Ro 15:29. ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ Mt 16:28. ἐν αἵματι Hb 9:25 (cp. Mi 6:6). ἐν τῷ ὕδατι καὶ ἐν τῷ αἵματι 1J 5:6. ἐν πνεύματι καὶ δυνάμει τοῦ Ἠλίου equipped w. the spirit and power of Elijah Lk 1:17. φθάνειν ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ come with the preaching of the gospel 2 Cor 10:14. μὴ ἐν ζύμῃ παλαιᾷ not burdened w. old leaven 1 Cor 5:8.

ⓑ it can serve to express means or instrumentality in terms of location for a specific action (cp. TestAbr A 12 p. 91, 5f [Stone p. 30] κρατῶν ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ ζυγόν; Tat. 9, 2 οἱ ἐν τοῖς πεσσοῖς ἀθύροντες ‘those who play w. gaming pieces’ [as, e.g., in backgammon]): κατακαίειν ἐν πυρί Rv 17:16 (cp. Bar 1:2; 1 Esdr 1:52; 1 Macc 5:5 al.; as early as Il. 24, 38; cp. POxy 2747, 74; Aelian, HA 14, 15. Further, the ἐν Rv 17:16 is not textually certain). ἐν ἅλατι ἁλίζειν, ἀρτύειν Mt 5:13; Mk 9:50; Lk 14:34 (s. M-M p. 210; WHutton, ET 58, ’46/47, 166–68). ἐν τῷ αἵματι λευκαίνειν Rv 7:14. ἐν αἵματι καθαρίζειν Hb 9:22. ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ ἀποκτείνειν kill with the sword Rv 6:8 (1 Esdr 1:50; 1 Macc 2:9; cp. 3:3; Jdth 16:4; ἀπολεῖ ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ En 99:16; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010] ἐν ῥ. πεσῇ … πεσοῦνται ἐν μαχαίρῃ; cp. Lucian, Hist. Conscrib. 12 ἐν ἀκοντίῳ φονεύειν). ἐν μαχαίρῃ πατάσσειν Lk 22:49 (διχοτομήσατε … ἐν μ. GrBar 16:3); ἐν μ. ἀπόλλυσθαι perish by the sword Mt 26:52. ποιμαίνειν ἐν ῥάβδῳ σιδηρᾷ Rv 2:27; 12:5; 19:15 (s. ποιμαίνω 2aγ and cp. PGM 36, 109). καταπατεῖν τι ἐν τοῖς ποσίν tread someth. w. the feet Mt 7:6 (cp. Sir 38:29). δύο λαοὺς βλέπω ἐν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς μου I see two peoples with my eyes GJs 17:2 (ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὀρᾶν=see with the eyes: cp. Il. 1, 587; Od. 8, 459; Callinus [VII B.C.], Fgm. 1, 20 Diehl²). ποιεῖν κράτος ἐν βραχίονι do a mighty deed w. one’s arm Lk 1:51 (cp. Sir 38:30); cp. 11:20. δικαιοῦσθαι ἐν τῷ αἵματι be justified by the blood Ro 5:9. ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος 2 Th 2:13; 1 Pt 1:2; ἐν τ. παρακλήσει 2 Cor 7:7. εὐλογεῖν ἐν εὐλογίᾳ Eph 1:3. λαλοῦντες ἑαυτοῖς ἐν ψάλμοις 5:19. ἀσπάσασθαι … ἐν εὐχῇ greet w. prayer GJs 24:1. Of intellectual process γινώσκειν ἔν τινι know or recognize by someth. (cp. Thuc. 7, 11, 1 ἐν ἐπιστολαῖς ἴστε; Sir 4:24; 11:28; 26:29) J 13:35; 1J 3:19; cp. ἐν τῇ κλάσει τοῦ ἄρτου in the breaking of bread Lk 24:35 (s. 10c).—The ἐν which takes the place of the gen. of price is also instrumental ἠγόρασας ἐν τῷ αἵματί σου Rv 5:9 (cp. 1 Ch 21:24 ἀγοράζω ἐν ἀργυρίῳ).—ἐν ᾧ whereby Ro 14:21.—The idiom ἀλλάσσειν, μεταλλάσσειν τι ἔν τινι exchange someth. for someth. else Ro 1:23, 25 (cp. Ps 105:20) is not un-Greek (Soph., Ant. 945 Danaë had to οὐράνιον φῶς ἀλλάξαι ἐν χαλκοδέτοις αὐλαῖς=change the heavenly light for brass-bound chambers).

⑥ marker of agency: with the help of (Diod S 19, 46, 4 ἐν τοῖς μετέχουσι τοῦ συνεδρίου=with the help of the members of the council; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 7, 9 p. 259, 31 ἐν ἐκείνῳ ἑαλωκότες) ἐν τῷ ἄρχοντι τ. δαιμονίων ἐκβάλλει τὰ δαιμόνια Mt 9:34. ἐν ἑτερογλώσσοις λαλεῖν 1 Cor 14:21. κρίνειν τ. οἰκουμένην ἐν ἀνδρί Ac 17:31 (cp. SIG² 850, 8 [173/172 B.C.] κριθέντω ἐν ἄνδροις τρίοις; Synes., Ep. 91 p. 231b ἐν ἀνδρί); perh. 1 Cor 6:2 (s. 1e); ἀπολύτρωσις ἐν Χρ. redemption through Christ Ro 3:24 (cp. ἐν αὐτῷ σωθήσεσθε Just., A I, 60, 3).

⑦ marker of circumstance or condition under which someth. takes place: ἐν ᾧ κρίνεις Ro 2:1 (but s. B-D-F §219, 2); ἐν ᾧ δοκιμάζει 14:22; ἐν ᾧ καυχῶνται 2 Cor 11:12; ἐν ᾧ τις τολμᾷ 11:21; ἐν ᾧ καταλαλοῦσιν whereas they slander 1 Pt 2:12, cp. 3:16 (on these Petrine pass. s. also ὅς 1k); ἐν ᾧ ξενίζονται in view of your changed attitude they consider it odd 4:4. ἐν ᾧ in 3:19 may similarly refer to a changed circumstance, i.e. from death to life (WDalton, Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits, ’65, esp. 135–42: ‘in this sphere, under this influence’ [of the spirit]). Other possibilities: as far as this is concerned: πνεῦμα• ἐν ᾧ spirit; as which (FZimmermann, APF 11, ’35, 174 ‘meanwhile’ [indessen]; BReicke, The Disobedient Spirits and Christian Baptism, ’46, 108–15: ‘on that occasion’=when he died).—Before a substantive inf. (oft. LXX; s. KHuber, Unters. über den Sprachchar. des griech. Lev., diss. Zürich 1916, 83): in that w. pres. inf. (POxy 743, 35 [2 B.C.] ἐν τῷ δέ με περισπᾶσθαι οὐκ ἠδυνάσθην συντυχεῖν Ἀπολλωνίῳ; Just., D. 10, 3 ἐν τῷ μήτε σάββατα τηρεῖν μήτε …) βασανιζομένους ἐν τῷ ἐλαύνειν as they were having rough going in the waves=having a difficult time making headway Mk 6:48. ἐθαύμαζον ἐν τῷ χρονίζειν … αὐτόν they marveled over his delay Lk 1:21. ἐν τῷ τὴν χεῖρα ἐκτείνειν σε in that you extend your hand Ac 4:30; cp. 3:26; Hb 8:13. W. aor. inf. ἐν τῷ ὑποτάξαι αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα Hb 2:8. Somet. the circumstantial and temporal (s. 7 and 10) uses are so intermingled that it is difficult to decide between them; so in some of the pass. cited above, and also Hv 1, 1, 8 et al. (B-D-F §404, 3; Rob. 1073).—WHutton, Considerations for the Translation of ἐν, Bible Translator 9, ’58, 163–70; response by NTurner, ibid. 10, ’59, 113–20.—On ἐν w. article and inf. s. ISoisalon-Soininen, Die Infinitive in der LXX, ’65, 80ff.

⑧ marker denoting the object to which someth. happens or in which someth. shows itself, or by which someth. is recognized, to, by, in connection with: ζητεῖν τι ἔν τινι require someth. in the case of someone 1 Cor 4:2; cp. ἐν ἡμῖν μάθητε so that you might learn in connection w. us vs. 6. Cp. Phil 1:30. ἵνα οὕτως γένηται ἐν ἐμοί that this may be done in my case 1 Cor 9:15 (Just., D. 77, 3 τοῦτο γενόμενον ἐν τῷ ἡμετέρῳ Χριστῷ). ἐδόξαζον ἐν ἐμοὶ τὸν θεόν perh. they glorified God in my case Gal 1:24, though because of me and for me are also possible. μήτι ἐν ἐμοὶ ἀνεκεφαλαιώθη ἡ ἱστορία GJs 13:1 (s. ἀνακεφαλαιόω 1). ποιεῖν τι ἔν τινι do someth. to (with) someone (Epict., Ench. 33, 12; Ps.-Lucian, Philopatr. 18 μὴ ἑτεροῖόν τι ποιήσῃς ἐν ἐμοί; Gen 40:14; Jdth 7:24; 1 Macc 7:23) Mt 17:12; Lk 23:31. ἐργάζεσθαί τι ἔν τινι Mk 14:6. ἔχειν τι ἔν τινι have someth. in someone J 3:15 (but ἐν αὐτῷ is oft. constr. w. πιστεύων, cp. v.l.); cp. 14:30 (s. BNoack, Satanas u. Soteria ’48, 92). ἵνα δικαιοσύνης ναὸν ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ σώματι ἀναδείξῃ AcPlCor 2:17 (s. ἀναδείκνυμι 1).—For the ordinary dat. (Diod S 3, 51, 4 ἐν ἀψύχῳ ἀδύνατον=it is impossible for a lifeless thing; Ael. Aristid. 49, 15 K.=25 p. 492 D.: ἐν Νηρίτῳ θαυμαστὰ ἐνεδείξατο=[God] showed wonderful things to N.; 53 p. 629 D.: οὐ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς βελτίστοις εἰσὶ παῖδες, ἐν δὲ πονηροτάτοις οὐκέτι=it is not the case that the very good have children, and the very bad have none [datives of possession]; 54 p. 653 D.: ἐν τ. φαύλοις θετέον=to the bad; EpJer 66 ἐν ἔθνεσιν; Aesop, Fab. 19, 8 and 348a, 5 v.l. Ch.) ἀποκαλύψαι τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐμοί Gal 1:16. φανερόν ἐστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς Ro 1:19 (Aesop 15c, 11 Ch. τ. φανερὸν ἐν πᾶσιν=evident to all). ἐν ἐμοὶ βάρβαρος (corresp. to τῷ λαλοῦντι βάρβ.) 1 Cor 14:11 (Amphis Com. [IV B.C.] 21 μάταιός ἐστιν ἐν ἐμοί). δεδομένον ἐν ἀνθρώποις Ac 4:12. θεῷ … ἐν ἀνθρώποις Lk 2:14.—Esp. w. verbs of striking against: προσκόπτω, πταίω, σκανδαλίζομαι; s. these entries.

⑨ marker of cause or reason, because of, on account of (PParis 28, 13=UPZ 48, 12f [162/161 B.C.] διαλυόμενοι ἐν τῷ λιμῷ; Ps 30:11; 1 Macc 16:3 ἐν τῷ ἐλέει; 2 Macc 7:29; Sir 33:17)

ⓐ gener. ἁγιάζεσθαι ἔν τινι Hb 10:10; 1 Cor 7:14. ἐν τ. ἐπιθυμίαις τῶν καρδιῶν Ro 1:24; perh. ἐν Ἰσαὰκ κληθήσεταί σοι σπέρμα 9:7; Hb 11:18 (both Gen 21:12). ἐν τῇ πολυλογίᾳ αὐτῶν because of their many words Mt 6:7. ἐν τούτῳ πιστεύομεν this is the reason why we believe J 16:30; cp. Ac 24:16; 1 Cor 4:4 (Just., D. 68, 7 οὐχὶ καὶ ἐν τούτῳ δυσωπήσω ὑμᾶς μὴ πείθεσθαι τοῖς διδασκάλοις ὑμῶν=‘surely you will be convinced by this [argument] to lose confidence in your teachers, won’t you?’); perh. 2 Cor 5:2. Sim., of the occasion: ἔφυγεν ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ at this statement Ac 7:29; cp. 8:6. W. attraction ἐν ᾧ = ἐν τούτῳ ὅτι for the reason that = because Ro 8:3; Hb 2:18; 6:17.

ⓑ w. verbs that express feeling or emotion, to denote that toward which the feeling is directed; so: εὐδοκεῖν (εὐδοκία), εὐφραίνεσθαι, καυχᾶσθαι, χαίρειν et al.

⑩ marker of a period of time, in, while, when

ⓐ indicating an occurrence or action within which, at a certain point, someth. occurs Mt 2:1. ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις 3:1. ἐν τῷ ἑξῆς afterward Lk 7:11. ἐν τῷ μεταξύ meanwhile (PTebt 72, 190; PFlor 36, 5) J 4:31. in the course of, within ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις (X., Ages. 1, 34; Diod S 13, 14, 2; 20, 83, 4; Arrian, Anab. 4, 6, 4 ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις; Aelian, VH 1, 6; IPriene 9, 29; GDI 1222, 4 [Arcadia] ἰν ἁμέραις τρισί; EpArist 24; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1:3 Jac.) Mt 27:40; J 2:19f.

ⓑ point of time when someth. occurs ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κρίσεως Mt 11:22 (En 10:6; Just., D. 38, 2; Tat. 12, 4). ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ J 6:44; 11:24; 12:48; cp. 7:37. ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ὥρᾳ Mt 8:13; 10:19; cp. 7:22; J 4:53. ἐν σαββάτῳ 12:2; J 7:23. ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ J 11:9 (opp. ἐν τῇ νυκτί vs. 10). ἐν τῷ δευτέρῳ on the second visit Ac 7:13. ἐν τῇ παλιγγενεσίᾳ in the new age Mt 19:28. ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ 1 Cor 15:23; 1 Th 2:19; 3:13; Phil 2:12 (here, in contrast to the other pass., there is no reference to the second coming of Christ.—Just., D. 31, 1 ἐν τῇ ἐνδόξῳ γινομένῃ αὐτοῦ παρουσίᾳ; 35, 8; 54, 1 al.); 1J 2:28. ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει in the resurrection Mt 22:28; Mk 12:23; Lk 14:14; 20:33; J 11:24 (Just., D. 45, 2 ἐν τῇ τῶν νεκρῶν ἀναστάσει). ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ σάλπιγγι at the last trumpet-call 1 Cor 15:52. ἐν τῇ ἀποκαλύψει at the appearance of Jesus/Christ (in the last days) 2 Th 1:7; 1 Pt 1:7, 13; 4:13.

ⓒ to introduce an activity whose time is given when, while, during (Diod S 23, 12, 1 ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις=in the case of this kind of behavior) ἐν τῇ προσευχῇ when (you) pray Mt 21:22. ἐν τῇ στάσει during the revolt Mk 15:7. ἐν τῇ διδαχῇ in the course of his teaching Mk 4:2; 12:38. If Lk 24:35 belongs here, the sense would be on the occasion of, when (but s. 5b). ἐν αὐτῷ in it (the preaching of the gospel) Eph 6:20. γρηγοροῦντες ἐν αὐτῇ (τῇ προσευχῇ) while you are watchful in it Col 4:2. Esp. w. the pres. inf. used substantively: ἐν τῷ σπείρειν while (he) sowed Mt 13:4; Mk 4:4; cp. 6:48 (s. 7 above and βασανίζω); ἐν τῷ καθεύδειν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους while people were asleep Mt 13:25; ἐν τῷ κατηγορεῖσθαι αὐτόν during the accusations against him 27:12. W. the aor. inf. the meaning is likewise when. Owing to the fundamental significance of the aor. the action is the focal point (s. Rob. 1073, opp. B-D-F §404) ἐν τῷ γενέσθαι τὴν φωνήν Lk 9:36. ἐν τῷ ἐπανελθεῖν αὐτόν 19:15. ἐν τῷ εἰσελθεῖν αὐτούς 9:34.—W. ἐν ᾦ while, as long as (Soph., Trach. 929; Cleanthes [IV/III B.C.] Stoic. I p. 135, 1 [Diog. L. 7, 171]; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 11 Jac.; Plut., Mor. 356c; Arrian, Anab. 6, 12, 1; Pamprepios of Panopolis [V A.D.] 1, 22 [ed. HGerstinger, SBWienAk 208/3, 1928]) Mk 2:19; Lk 5:34; 24:44 D; J 5:7.

⑪ marker denoting kind and manner, esp. functioning as an auxiliary in periphrasis for adverbs (Kühner-G. I 466): ἐν δυνάμει w. power, powerfully Mk 9:1; Ro 1:4; Col 1:29; 2 Th 1:11; ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ justly Ac 17:31; Rv 19:11 (cp. Just., A II, 4, 3 and D. 16, 3; 19, 2 ἐν δίκῃ). ἐν χαρᾷ joyfully Ro 15:32. ἐν ἐκτενείᾳ earnestly Ac 26:7. ἐν σπουδῇ zealously Ro 12:8. ἐν χάριτι graciously Gal 1:6; 2 Th 2:16. ἐν (πάσῃ) παρρησίᾳ freely, openly J 7:4; 16:29; Phil 1:20. ἐν πάσῃ ἀσφαλείᾳ Ac 5:23. ἐν τάχει (PHib 47, 35 [256 B.C.] ἀπόστειλον ἐν τάχει) Lk 18:8; Ro 16:20; Rv 1:1; 22:6. ἐν μυστηρίῳ 1 Cor 2:7 (belongs prob. not to σοφία, but to λαλοῦμεν: in the form of a secret; cp. Polyb. 23, 3, 4; 26, 7, 5; Just., D. 63, 2 Μωυσῆς … ἐν παραβολῇ λέγων; 68, 6 εἰρήμενον … ἐν μυστηρίῳ; Diod S 17, 8, 5 ἐν δωρεαῖς λαβόντες=as gifts; 2 Macc 4:30 ἐν δωρεᾷ=as a gift; Sir 26:3; Polyb. 28, 17, 9 λαμβάνειν τι ἐν φερνῇ). Of the norm: ἐν μέτρῳ ἑνὸς ἑκάστου μέρους acc. to the measure of each individual part Eph 4:16. On 1 Cor 1:21 s. AWedderburn, ZNW 64, ’73, 132–34.

⑫ marker of specification or substance: w. adj. πλούσιος ἐν ἐλέει Eph 2:4; cp. Tit 2:3; Js 1:8.—of substance consisting in (BGU 72, 11 [191 A.D.] ἐξέκοψαν πλεῖστον τόπον ἐν ἀρούραις πέντε) τὸν νόμον τῶν ἐντολῶν ἐν δόγμασιν Eph 2:15. ἐν μηδενὶ λειπόμενοι Js 1:4 (contrast Just., A I, 67, 6 τοῖς ἐν χρείᾳ οὖσι). Hb 13:21a.— amounting to (BGU 970, 14=Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 242, 14f [177 A.D.] προσηνενκάμην αὐτῷ προοῖκα ἐν δραχμαῖς ἐννακοσίαις) πᾶσαν τὴν συγγένειαν ἐν ψυχαῖς ἑβδομήκοντα πέντε Ac 7:14.—Very rarely for the genitive (Philo Mech. 75, 29 τὸ ἐν τῷ κυλίνδρῳ κοίλασμα; EpArist 31 ἡ ἐν αὐτοῖς θεωρία = ἡ αὐτῶν θ.; cp. 29; Tat. 18, 1 πᾶν τὸ ἐν αὐτῇ εἶδος) ἡ δωρεὰ ἐν χάριτι the free gift in beneficence or grace Ro 5:15.—DELG. LfgrE s.v. ἐν col. 569 (lit. esp. early Greek). M-M. TW.

περίειμι ( εἰμί sum) [(A)]

A to be around,

χωρίον ᾧ κύκλῳ τειχίον περιῆν Th.7.81

; but more freq.

II to be superior to another, surpass, excel, c.gen.pers.,

τόσσον ἐγὼ περί τ' εἰμὶ θεῶν περί τ' εἴμ' ἀνθρώπων 11.8.27

, cf. Emp.113, Hdt.3.146, X.Mem.3.7.7: c. acc. rei,

περὶ φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων Il.13.631

;

περίεσσι γυναικῶν εἶδός τε μέγεθός τε Od.18.248

, cf. 19.326, etc.;

οἳ περὶ μὲν βουλὴν Δαναῶν περὶ δ' ἐστὲ μάχεσθαι Il.1.258

, cf. Od.1.66: later c. dat. rei, σοφίᾳ τῶν Ἑλλήνων π. Pl.Prt. 342b, cf. Smp. 222e;

τῇ ἐπιμελείᾳ π. τῶν φίλων X.An.1.9.24

: without gen. pers., to be superior, ναυσὶ πολὺ π. Th.6.22 ;

πολλὸν π. πλήθεϊ Hdt.9.31

, cf. X. An.1.8.13 : abs., ἐλπὶς τοῦ περιέσεσθαι hope of success, Th.1.144, cf. Men.Sam. 134; ἐκ περιόντος ἀγωνιεῖσθαι at an advantage, Th.8.46.

III to be spared, τινι Hdt.3.119: abs., survive, Id.1.11, 120, al., Hp.Prog.20 ; τῇ σεωυτοῦ μοίρῃ περίεις by your own destiny, Hdt.1.121 ; τὴν Ἑλλάδα π. ἐλευθέρην shall remain free, Id.7.139, cf. D.21.222, etc. ; of things, to be extant, still in existence, Hdt.1.92, etc.

2 to be over and above, remain, freq. in part.,

τὸ περιὸν τοῦ στρατοῦ Th.2.79

; esp. of property, money, etc.,

ἡ περιοῦσα παρασκευή Id.1.89

;

π. τινὶ εἰς τὸν ἐνιαυτόν Pl.R. 416e

; οἰόμενοι περιεῖναι χρήματά τῳ imagining that any one has a balance in his hands, D.18.227 ; τὰ περιόντα τοῦ κλήρου the surplus, balance, Pl.Lg. 923d, cf. Lys.21.16, Is.5.41; τὰ περιόντα χρήματα τῆς διοικήσεως the money remaining after paying the expenses, D.59.4, cf. IG12.91.31, PRev.Laws 16.16 (iii B.C.), etc. ; ἃ δὲ νῦν περιόντ' αὐτὸν ὑβρίζειν ἐπαίρει but the superfluous wealth which now incites him.., D.21.211.

b metaph., ἐκ τοῦ περιεῦντος γενέσθαι to be a luxury, Democr.144 ; ἐκ τοῦ π. in one's leisure, D.Ep.3.36; as a work of supererogation, Phld.Mus.p.108K.;

τοῖς ἐκ τοῦ π. εἰς εὐπρέπειαν ἠσκημένοις Luc.Am.33

; τοσοῦτον ὑμῖν περίεστι τοῦ πρὸς ἐμὲ μίσους you have such an excess of hatred against me, Ps.Philipp. ap. D.12.7 ; τοσοῦτον αὐτῷ περιῆν (sc. τῆς ὕβρεως) D.21.17, cf. Philostr.VA3.46, Ael.NA5.34, Aristid.Or.22(19).6, al.; τοσοῦτον περίεστιν (sc. τῆς ὕβρεως (

, ὥστε τοὺς ἠδικημένους πρὸς συκοφαντοῦσιν D.55.29

.

3 to be left over and above, to be the net result, ὑμῖν περίεστιν ἐκ τούτων the net result to you of all this is.., Id.13.20 ; ἐνίοις.. τὸ μηδὲν ἀναλῶσαι.. περίεστιν to some the net result is that they spend nothing, Id.21.155 ;

ὥστε μηδὲν ἄλλ' ἢ τὰς αἰσχύνας αὐτῷ περιεῖναι Aeschin.1.154

; ψηφίσμαθ' ὑμῖν περιέσται, βελτίω δ' οὐδ' ὁτιοῦν τὰ πράγματ' ἔσται you will have plenty of decrees, but.., D. Prooem.21.3 : c. inf.,

περίεστι τοίνυν ὑμῖν ἀλλήλοις ἐρίζειν Id.2.29

; cf. περιγίγνομαι.

------------------------------------

περίειμι [(B)] ( εἶμι

A ibo). [In Com. the ι in περί is sts. elided in the part., περιών, περιόντες, Pherecr.186, Phryn.Com.3.4, Pl.Com.193, Antiph.279, and the part. is so written in Pap. of Arist.Ath.53.1, Hyp.Dem.Fr.4, Lyc.2, also in all or some codd. of Th.1.30, al., X.HG 3.2.25, D.4.10, 48, al.]: go round, fetch a compass, Hdt.2.138, etc. ; π. κατὰ νώτου τισί get round and take them in rear, Th.4.36; π. κατὰ τὰς κώμας go round to every village, Pl.Min. 320c ;

π. κατ' ἀγρούς Lys.31.18

.

b go about, Hp.Fract.15, Gland.12 ;

βούλεσθε περιιόντες πυνθάνεσθαι D.4.10

, cf. 48,6.14, 18.158, etc. ; κατὰ τὴν ἀγορὰν π. Phryn.Com. l. c.

2 c. acc. loci, go round, compass,

π. τὸν νηὸν κύκλῳ Hdt.1.159

; π. φυλακάς go round the guards, visit them, Id.5.33 ;

τὸν βωμόν Ar. Pax 957

;

ἐν κύκλῳ περιῄει πάντα Id.Pl. 709

;

ὁ ἥλιος κύκλῳ π. τὴν σελήνην Pl.Cra. 409b

, cf. La. 183b ;

τὴν Ἑλλάδα περιῄει X.An.7.1.33

; αἰ μὴ περιιεῖεν [τὰν ἱερὰν γᾶν] IG22.1126.18(Amphict. Delph.); of sounds,

αὐλῶν σε περίεισιν πνοή Ar.Ra. 154

.

II come round to one, esp. in one's turn or by inheritance, ἡ ἀρχή, βασιληΐη περίεισι ἔς τινα, Hdt.1.120, 2.120.

2 of revolving periods, χρόνου περιιόντος as time came round, ib. 121.α', 4.155 ;

ὁ κύκλος τῶν ὡρέων ἐς τὠυτὸ περιιών Id.2.4

; περι (ι) όντι τῷ θέρει, τῷ ἐνιαυτῷ, Th.1.30, X.HG 3.2.25.

πρόσειμι εἰμί

A sum), to be added to, τινι Hdt.2.99, 7.173, etc.;

ἐὰν.. θερμότης τῷ δίψει προσῇ Pl.R. 437e

; to be attached to, belong to, IG12.290;

ἀνδρὶ χρεὼν μνήμην προσεῖναι S.Aj. 521

; δέος αἰσχύνη θ' ὁμοῦ, δύσνοια ἢ λύπη π. τινί, ib. 1079, El. 654; οὐχ ἅπαντα τῷ γήρᾳ κακὰ π. E.Ph. 529, cf. lsoc.12.115; δυσβουλία τῇ πόλει π. Ar.Nu. 588;

τῇ βίᾳ π. ἔχθραι καὶ κίνδυνοι X.Mem.1.2.10

; καὶ τὰ προσόντα καὶ τὰ μὴ περὶ ἑκάστου λέγοντες proclaiming each man's virtues, whether he had them or not, Pl.Mx. 234c; τὰ προσόνθ' ἑαυτῷ one's own attributes, D.18.276, cf. Prooem.46: c. inf.,

πρόσεστι γυναιξὶ.. τίκτειν Pl.Tht. 150a

.

2 abs., to be present, at hand as well,

τὰ δ' αὖτε χέρσῳ.. προσῆν πλέον στύγος A.Ag. 558

;

ὡς ἂ ἀγνοία προσῇ S.Ph. 129

; γνώμη γὰρ εἴ τις κἀπ' ἐμοῦ.. π. Id.Ant. 720; τοῦ λόγου δ' οὐ χρὴ φθόνον π. Id.Tr. 251;

τύχη μόνον προσείη Ar.Av. 1315

(lyr.);

π. ἡ ὕβρις καὶ ἔθ' ἡ.. αἰσχύνη D.1.27

; οὐδ' ὁτιοῦν ἄλλο προσῆν there was nothing else in the world, Id.21.176; ταῦτα προσέσται this too will be ours, X.HG3.1.28; τὰς τρισχιλίας καὶ τὸ προσόν and the surplus, D.36.15.

3 to be adjacent, εἰ πὸς τᾷ οἰκίᾳ μὴ πόεστι (i.e. πόσεστι = πρόσεστι)

κᾶπος SIG306.12

(Tegea, iv B.C.);

τῆς προσούσης αὐλῆς PStrassb.87.12

(ii B.C.).

------------------------------------

πρόσειμι ( εἶμι

A ibo), inf. - ιέναι, used in [dialect] Att. as [tense] fut. of προσέρχομαι, and προσῄειν as [tense] impf.:— go to or towards, approach, abs. in Hom. and Hes. in dat. and acc. of part.,

χάρη δ' ἄρα οἱ προσιόντι Il.5.682

;

ὡς εἶδον ζωὸν.. προσιόντα 7.308

;

πρόσιθι E.Or. 149

(lyr.);

σχολαίτερον προσιόντας Th.4.47

codd.; approach a person, Id.1.130, cf. And.1.122; of an enemy,

βραδέως προσῇσαν X.An.1.8.11

, etc.; of an adversary at law,

πρόσεισιν ἐκδικάσων BGU 361 iii 11

(ii A.D.), cf. POxy.1101.15 (iv A.D.): c. dat. pers., approach one, Hdt.1.62, etc.; apply to a person for help, PStrassb.57.6 (ii A.D.), etc.; π. Σωκράτει visit him as teacher, X.Mem.1.2.47; π. γυναικί go in to a woman, Id.Smp.4.38 (so abs., Ocell.4.1): c. acc. loci, δῶμα, δόμους, A.Eu. 242, E.Cyc. 40: with Preps. governing acc.,

εἰς.. S.El. 437

, X.HG7.5.15, etc.; πρὸς τὰς πύλας, πρὸς τὴν Λάχεσιν, Hdt.8.52, Pl.R. 620d, etc.

2 in hostile sense, attack,

καὶ φιλέοντα φιλεϊν καὶ τῷ προσιόντι προσεῖναι Hes.Op. 353

(cf. Sch.Od.1.406, Apollon.Lex. s.v. εἶναι), cf. X.Cyr.2.4.12;

τῇ πόλει Id.An.7.6.24

(dub.);

πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους Hdt.9.100

;

ἐπὶ τὸ στράτευμα X.Cyr.7.1.24

.

3 come over to the side of, in war,

ἧσσόν τις ἐμοὶ πρόσεισι Th.4.85

, cf. 1.39.

4 come forward to speak,

π. τῷ δήμῳ X.Mem.3.7.1

; π. τῇ βουλῇ, τοῖς ἐφόροις, come before.., D.19.17, Plb.4.34.5;

π. πρὸς βουλὴν ἢ δῆμον X.Ath.3.3

;

πρὸς τὰς ἀρχάς Th.1.90

;

πρὸς τὰ κοινά Aeschin.1.165

;

πρὸς τὴν πολιτείαν π. Id.3.217

(but

π. πολιτείᾳ Plu.2.1033f

): abs., come forward to speak, περὶ τῶν γεγενημένων And 1.111.

5 of things, to be added,

σάρκες ἐκ τῆς τροφῆς π. ταῖς σαρξί Arist.GA 723a11

, cf. GC 322a26, al.;

τῷ δ' ἐναντίῳ κύτει ἐλπὶς προσῄει χειρὸς οὐ πληρουμένῳ A.Ag. 817

.

II of Time, come on, be at hand, ἐπεὰν προσίῃ (v.l. προσῇ)

ἡ ὥρη κυΐσκεσθαι τὰς ἵππους Hdt.4.30

, cf. 2.41;

ἑσπέρα προσήει X.Cyr.3.2.25

; προσιόντος τοῦ θερμοῦ on the approach of heat, Pl.Phd. 103d; π. [τῶν ἀνέμων] X.Mem.4.3.14.

III come in, of revenue, φόροι, ἑπτακόσια τάλαντα π., Hdt.3.89,91, cf. Th.2.13, X.Vect.4.1;

τῶν τε ὄντων χρημάτων καὶ τῶν προσιόντων τοῖς θεοῖς IG12.91.26

;

τὸν φόρον ἡμῖν ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων.. προσιόντα Ar.V. 657

; τὰ προσιόντα χρήματα the public revenue, Id.Ec. 712, Lys.30.19; τὰ προσιόντα alone, Ar.V. 664;

τὰ π. τῇ πόλει Lys. 21.13

.

χράω (A), used in [dialect] Ep. only in [tense] aor. 2,

A fall upon, attack, assail, c. dat. pers.,

στυγερὸς δέ οἱ ἔχραε δαίμων Od.5.396

;

τίς τοι κακὸς ἔχραε δαίμων; 10.64

; so

ἠϊθέοις οὐκ ἔστι τόσος πόνος, ὁππόσος ἡμῖν.. ἔχραε AP5.296

(Agath.): cf. ἐπιχράω (B).

II c. acc. rei, inflict upon a person,

κακὸν δέ οἱ ἔχραε κοῖτον Nic.Th. 315

.

III c. inf., conceive a desire to.., τίπτε σὸς υἱὸς ἐμὸν ῥόον ἔχραε κήδειν ἐξ ἄλλων; why did he want (or needed he) to vex my stream of all others? Il.21.369; μνηστῆρες.., οἳ τόδε δῶμα ἐχράετ' ἐσθιέμεν καὶ πινέμεν ye suitors.., who have become so eager to.., Od.21.69. (For signfs. 1, 11, cf. ζαχρηής; for 111 perh. cf. χρή, κέχρημαι ( χράω (B) C), χρῇ, χρῇς.)

------------------------------------

χράω (B). A. FORMS: [var] contr.

A

χρῇ S.El.35

, [dialect] Ion.

χρᾷ Hdt.1.62

(also Luc.DMort.3.2); inf.

χρᾶν Hdt.8.135

(also Luc.Alex.19); [dialect] Ion. part.

χρέων h.Ap. 253

, fem.

χρέωσα Hdt.7.111

; [dialect] Ep.

χρείων Od.8.79

, h.Ap. 396: [tense] impf.

ἔχραον Pi.O.7.92

(v.l. ἔχρεον), A.R.2.454; [ per.] 3sg.

ἔχρη Tyrt.3.3

, Hermesian.7.89, ([etym.] ἐξ-) S.OC87: [tense] fut.

χρήσω h.Ap. 132

, Hdt.1.19, A.Ag. 1083: [tense] aor.

ἔχρησα Hdt.4.156

, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor.

ἐχρήσθην Id.1.49

, etc.: [tense] pf. κέχρησμαι (v.l. κέχρημαι) Id.4.164, 7.141: [tense] plpf. ἐκέχρηστο (v.l. ἐκέχρητο) Id.2.147, 151, 3.64, etc.:—[voice] Med.,

χρῶμαι Th.1.126

, etc., [dialect] Ion.

χρέομαι Hdt.

, inf.

χρέεσθαι 1.157

( χρᾶσθαι ib. 172); part.

χρεώμενος 4.151

: [tense] impf. [ per.] 3pl. ἐχρέωντο (v.l. ἐχρέοντο) 4.157, 5.82: [tense] fut.

χρήσομαι Od.10.492

, etc.

I in [voice] Act. of the gods and their oracles, proclaim, abs.,

χρείων μυθήσατο Φοῖβος 8.79

:

χρείων ἐκ δάφνης γυάλων ὕπο Παρνησοῖο h.Ap. 396

: c. acc. rei, χρήσω ἀνθρώποισι Διὸς βουλήν ib. 132, cf. Thgn.807, Pi.l.c., Plot.2.9.9;

ἡ Πυθίη οἱ χρᾷ τάδε Hdt.1.55

, cf. 4.155; χρῆσεν οἰκιστῆρα Βάττον proclaimed him the colonizer, Pi.P.4.6; also in Trag.,

ὁ χρήσας A. Eu. 798

;

χρήσειν ἔοικεν ἀμφὶ τῶν αὑτῆς κακῶν Id.Ag. 1083

;

χρῇ μοι τοιαῦθ' ὁ Φοῖβος S.El.35

;

σοὶ δ' οὐκ ἔχρησεν οὐδέν E.Hec. 1268

;

χ. φόνον Id.El. 1267

: also c. acc. cogn.,

χ. χρησμόν Id.Ph. 409

;

ὑμνῳδίαν Id. Ion 681

(lyr.): c. inf., warn or direct by oracle,

ἔχρησας ὥστε τὸν ξένον μητροκτονεῖν A.Eu. 202

; without ὥστε, ib. 203; χρήσαντ' ἐμοὶ.. ἐκτὸς αἰτίας κακῆς εἶναι that I should be.., Id.Ch. 1030; c. inf. [tense] aor., Ar. V. 159: rare in [dialect] Att. Prose,

τάδε ὁ Ἀπόλλων ἔχρησεν IG12.80.10

;

τὸν Ἀπόλλω ταύτην τὴν γῆν χρῆσαι οἰκεῖν Th.2.102

;

τοῦ θεοῦ χρήσαντος Id.5.32

, cf. Lycurg.99;

ἔχρησεν ὁ θεός SIG1044.5

(Halic., iv/iii B. C.);

ὁ θεὸς ἔχρησε IG42(1).122.78

(Epid., iv B. C.).

II [voice] Pass., to be declared, proclaimed by an oracle,

τίς οὖν ἐχρήσθη; E. Ion 792

; mostly of the oracle delivered,

τὰ ἐκ Δελφῶν οὕτω τῷ Κροίσῳ ἐχρήσθη Hdt.1.49

;

τὰ χρηστήρια ταῦτά σφι ἐχρήσθη Id.9.94

;

ἠπίως χρησθῆναι Id.7.143

; τὸ χρησθέν, τὰ χρησθέντα, the response, Id.1.63, 7.178;

ἐν Πυθῶνι χρησθὲν παλαίφατον Pi.O.2.39

;

πεύθου τὰ χρησθέντ' S.OT 604

; χρησθὲν αὐτῷ ἐν Νεμέᾳ τοῦτο παθεῖν since it was foretold him by an oracle that.. Th.3.96; ἃ τοῦδ' ἐχρήσθη σώματος which were declared about it, S.OC 355;

τὸν κεχρησμένον θάνατον Hdt.4.164

(- χρημ- codd.);

τοῦ κακοῦ τοῦ κεχρησμένου Id.7.141

(v.l. -χρημ-): impers., c. inf., καί σφι ἐχρήσθη ἀνέμοισι εὔχεσθαι ib. 178: c. acc. et inf.,

ἐκέχρηστό σφι.. τοῦτον βασιλεύσειν Id.2.147

; c. inf. [tense] aor., Id.7.220.

III [voice] Med., of the person to whom the response is given, consult a god or oracle, c. dat.,

ψυχῇ χρησόμενος Θηβαίου Τειρεσίαο Od.10.492

, 565; χ. θεῷ, χρηστηρίοισι, μαντηΐῳ, Hdt.1.47, 53, 157;

τῷ θεῷ Aeschin.3.124

;

χ. μάντεσι Μούσαις Ar.Av. 724

(anap.), cf. Pl. Lg. 686a;

ὅσοι μαντικὴν νομίζοντες οἰωνοῖς χρῶνται X.Mem.1.1.3

; χ. χρηστηρίῳ εἰ .. inquire at the oracle whether.., Hdt.3.57: abs.,

ὑπέρβη λάϊνον οὐδὸν χρησόμενος Od.8.81

, cf. h.Ap. 252, 292;

ἀπέστειλε ἄλλους χρησομένους Hdt.1.46

; οἱ χρώμενοι the consulters, E.Ph. 957;

χρωμένῳ ἐν Δελφοῖς Th.1.126

; also

χ. περὶ τοῦ πολέμου Hdt.7.220

, cf. 1.85, 4.150, 155, etc.;

κεχρημένος

having inquired of an oracle,

Arist.Rh. 1398b33

: c. inf., σωφρονεῖν κεχρημένον being divinely warned to be temperate, A.Pers. 829, cf. Marcellin.Vit. Thuc.6: later simply, receive a divine revelation, Plot.5.3.14.—Hom. has the word in this sense only in Od.: the [voice] Act. only in [tense] pres. part. χρείων ([tense] fut.

χρήσω h.Ap. 132

): the [voice] Med. only in part. [tense] fut. χρησόμενος.

B furnish with a thing, in which sense the [tense] pres. was [full] κίχρημι, D.53.12, Plu.Pomp.29; Cret. [ per.] 3sg.

κίγχρητι Inscr.Cret.1 xxiii 3

(Phaestus, ii B. C.); Delph. [ per.] 3sg. [tense] pres. subj.

κιχρῇ Schwyzer 324.17

(iv B. C.): [tense] aor. χρέη ib.13; [tense] pres. part. κιχρέντε ib.adn. (rarely [full] χρηννύναι, [full] χρηννύω, Thphr.Char.5.10, 10.13: [voice] Med.,

χρηννυόμεθα PCair.Zen. 304.4

(iii B. C.)): [tense] fut.

χρήσω Hdt.3.58

: [tense] aor. ἔχρησα ibid., 6.89, Ar. Th. 219, X.Mem.3.11.18, Lys.19.24, IG12.108.16, etc. ([ per.] 3sg. written

ἔκχρησεν IG12(3).1350.4

([place name] Thera)); imper.

χρῆσον Ar.Ra. 1159

, Pl. Com.205: [tense] pf.

κέχρηκα Men.461

, 598, Plb.29.21.6 ( = D.S.31.10): [tense] plpf.

ἐκεχρήκει App.BC2.29

:—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf. κέχρημαι ([etym.] δια-) D.27.11:—[voice] Med., [tense] pres.

κίχρᾰμαι Plu.2.534b

; inf.

κίχρασθαι Thphr.Char.30.20

: [tense] impf.

ἐκιχράμην AP9.584.10

: [tense] aor. ἐχρησάμην, imper.

χρῆσαι E.El. 191

(lyr.), etc.:— furnish the use of a thing, i.e. lend, usu. in a friendly way, δανείζω being the word applied to usurers (but χ. = δανείζω in Antipho Soph.54), ll. cc.;

οὐ δεδωκώς, ἀλλὰ χρήσας Arist.EN 1162b33

, cf. LXX Ex.11.3;

ἡ πειρατικὴ δύναμις χρήσασα ταῖς βασιλικαῖς ὑπηρεσίαις ἑαυτήν Plu.Pomp.24

;

χ. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ σχολήν τισι Id.Phil. 13

; χ. τὰν χέρα, in the formula of manumission, IG9(1).189, 194 ([place name] Tithora):—[voice] Med., borrow, τι E.El. 191 (lyr.), Thphr.Char.30.20: abs.,

χρησαμένη γὰρ ἔνησα καὶ οὐκ ἔχω ἀνταποδοῦναι Batr.186

; πόδας χρήσας, ὄμματα χρησάμενος having lent feet and borrowed eyes, of a blind man carrying a lame one, AP9.13 (Pl.Jun.), cf. Pl.Demod. 384b, 384c.

II = χρηματίζω 111,

τοῦ χρέοντος γραμματέως CIG2562.18

(s. v. l., Hierapytna).

------------------------------------

χράομαι. (See also χράω)

C [voice] Med. [full] χράομαι, [dialect] Att. [full] χρῶμαι, χρῇ prob. in Pl.Hp.Mi. 369a,

χρῆται Ar.V. 1028

(anap.), etc. (also Trag., A.Ag. 953), χρώμεθα, χρῆσθε, χρῶνται, And.4.6, Pl.La. 194c, Th.1.70, etc.; [dialect] Dor. [full] χρέομαι Sophr.126; [dialect] Ion.

χρᾶται Hdt.1.132

, al. (so in later Prose, Iamb. in Nic.p.28 P.); χρέεται v.l. in Hdt.4.50;

χρέονται Hp.

Aër.1;

χρέωνται Hdt.1.34

, 4.108, al.;

χρείωνται Heraclit.104

; opt.

χρῴμην, χρῷο Pl. Cri. 45b

,

χρῷτο Gorg.Fr.20

, etc.; [dialect] Ion.

χρέοιτο Hp.Acut.56

; imper.

χρῶ Democr.270

, Ar.Th. 212, Isoc.1.34, [dialect] Ion.

χρέο Hp.Steril.230

, Hdt. 1.155 (v.l. χρέω, as in Hp.Acut. (Sp.) 62); [ per.] 3sg. [dialect] Dor.

χρηείσθω SIG 1009.7

(Chalcedon, iii/ii B. C.); [ per.] 2pl.

χρῆσθε And.1.11

; [ per.] 3pl.

χρήσθων Ar.Nu. 439

(s. v.l.; v. infr.111.4b), Th.5.18;

χρώσθων IG12.122.5

; [dialect] Dor.

χρόνσθω Mnemos.57.208

(Argos, vi B. C.); inf. [dialect] Att. and [dialect] Ion.

χρῆσθαι IG12.57.19

, Ar.Av. 1040, Lys.25.20, SIG57.5 (Milet., v B. C.), IG12(5).593 A12 (Ceos, v B. C.); [dialect] Ion. and Hellenistic

χρᾶσθαι Hdt. 2.15

, 3.20, al., IG12(5).606.9 (Ceos, iv/iii B. C.), SIG344.50 (Teos, iv B. C.), 1106.80 (Cos, iv/iii B. C.), PCair.Zen.299.10 (iii B. C.), OGI214.19 (Didyma, iii B. C.), IG22.1325.24 (both forms in Phld.Rh.1.66S. and Ph.Bel.,

χρῆσθαι 57.35

, al.,

χρᾶσθαι 53.49

, al.), [dialect] Ion. χρέεσθαι as v.l. for χρῆσθαι Hdt.1.21, 187, al. ( χρῆσθαι ib. 153 codd.), so in Arc., IG5 (2).514.14 (Lycosura, ii B. C.), Elean

χρηῆσται Inscr.Olymp.1.3

(vii/vi B. C.), [dialect] Boeot.

χρειεῖσθη IG7.3169

(Orchom., iii B. C.); [dialect] Locr. and [dialect] Lacon.

χρῆσται IG9(1).334.19

, 23 (Oeanthea, v B. C.), 5(1).1317.8 (Thalamae, iv/iii B. C.); part. [dialect] Att.

χρώμενος A.Eu. 655

, IG12.81.6, etc.; [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion.

χρεώμενος Il.23.834

(as a dactyl), Hdt.2.108, Hp.Acut.18, [dialect] Dor.

χρείμενος SIG395.4

, 438.11 (both Delph., iii B. C.), Berl.Sitzb.1927.156 ([place name] Cyrene),

χρήμενος Riv.Fil.58.472

(Gortyn, iii B. C.),

χρεύμενος SIG1166.3

([place name] Dodona): [tense] impf. [dialect] Att.

ἐχρώμην Antipho 5.63

,

ἐχρῶ Ar.Ra. 111

, And.1.49,

ἐχρῆτο Th.1.130

, etc.; pl.,

ἐχρώμεθα Lys.Fr.29

,

ἐχρῶντο Antipho 6.28

, etc.; [dialect] Ion.

ἐχρᾶτο Hdt.2.173

(v.l. -ῆτο), 3.3, 129, al. (also found in Anaxipp.1.9 codd.Ath.),

ἐχρέωντο Hdt.2.108

, al.: but

ἐχρῆτο 3.41

codd., Herod.6.55, ([etym.] προς-) Hp.Epid.3.17.ά: [tense] fut.

χρήσομαι S.Ph. 1133

(lyr.), etc.; also

κεχρήσομαι Theoc.16.73

: [tense] aor.

ἐχρησάμην S.OT 117

, Th.5.7, al.: [tense] pf. κέχρημαι (v. infr. 1): [tense] aor. ἐχρήσθην in pass. sense (v. infr. vii):—in [tense] pf. κέχρημαι (with [tense] pres. sense) c. gen., desire, yearn after, the usual sense in [dialect] Ep., οὔτ' εὐνῆς πρόφασιν κεχρημένος (sc. αὐτῆς)

οὔτε τευ ἄλλου Il.19.262

;

νόστου κεχρημένον ἠδὲ γυναικός Od.1.13

;

κομιδῆς κεχρημένοι ἄνδρες 14.124

, cf. 17.421, 20.378, 22.50;

μαντοσυνεων κεχρημένοι Emp.112.10

.

2 to be in want of, lack,

τοῦ κεχρημένοι; S.Ph. 1264

, cf. E.IA 382 (troch.); [

βορᾶς] κεχρημένοι Id.Cyc.98

;

οὐ πόνων κεχρήμεθα Id.Med. 334

;

τίνος κέχρησθε, γυναῖκες; Theoc.26.18

: [tense] fut.,

ὃς ἐμεῦ κεχρήσετ' ἀοιδοῦ Id.16.73

; χρήσομεθα εἰς τὰ ἔργα καὶ ὁδοῦ.. καὶ ὕδατος we shall need.., SIG1182.12 (Ephes., iii B. C.): freq. abs. in part. κεχρημένος, lacking, needy, Od.14.155, 17.347, Hes.Op. 317, 500, E.Supp. 327, Pl.Lg. 717c: but κεχρηόσι δαίτης is f.l. for κεχαρηόσι in Nic.Fr.70.18.

3 [tense] pf. and [tense] plpf. κέχρημαι, κεχρήμην, in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. sense, c. dat., enjoy, have, φρεσὶ γὰρ κέχρητ' ἀγαθῇσι ([etym.] ν) Od.3.266, 14.421, 16.398; αὕτη (sc. ἡ χώρη)

ὕδασι κάλλιστα κέχρηται Hp.

Aër.12; ἡ καταδεεστέροις τούτοις (sc. τοῖς εἴδεσι)

κεχρημένη τραγῳδία Arist.Po. 1450a32

, cf. a13, b33; ἄλλαις, μικραῖς διαφοραῖς, Id.Metaph. 1042b31, Phgn. 809a8; ὑγροτέραις σαρξί ib. b11; θριξὶ ξανθαῖς ib.25;

καθαρωτάτῳ.. αἵματι Id.Resp. 477a21

; τῶν.. πλαγίαις ταῖς ῥάβδοις κεχρημένων (sc. ἰχθύων) Id.Fr. 295;

εὐγενείᾳ κεχρημένος IG42(1).83.10

(Epid., i A. D.);

σφαιρικῷ ὄγκῳ PLit.Lond.167.25

(ii/iii A. D.), cf. κεχρημένως ([place name] Addenda); so in [tense] pres.,

χρῶνται δειλαῖς φρεσὶ, δαίμονι δ' ἐσθλῷ Thgn.161

; μέρη

τραγῳδίας, οἷς ὡς εἴδεσι δεῖ χρῆσθαι, πρότερον εἴπομεν Arist.Po. 1452b14

, cf. 1458b14.

II use, [tense] pres. once in Hom., abs.,

ἑξει μιν καὶ πέντε περιπλομένους ἐνιαυτοὺς χρεώμενος Il.23.834

: later mostly c. dat. (for acc. v. infr. VI),

ἀκμαζούσῃ τῇ ῥώμῃ τῶν χειρῶν χρώμενος Antipho 4.3.3

;

ἐσθῆτι τοιῇδε χρέωνται Hdt.1.195

, cf. 202, Ar.Ra. 1061 (anap.);

διφασίοισι γράμμασι χ. Hdt.2.36

; τοῖσιοὐνόμασι τῶν θεῶν ib.52; πλατυτέροισι ἐχρέωντο τοῖσι πόμασι, ἐκ φρεάτων χρεώμενοι ib. 108; τοῖσι ἐποποιοῖσι χρεώμενον λέγειν ib. 120; ὅστις ἐμπύρῳ χρῆται τέχνῃ consults burnt offerings, E.Ph. 954; χ. ἀργυρίῳ make use of money, Pl.R. 333b;

ἀργύρῳ Ar.Ec. 822

; χ. ἵπποις manage them, X.Smp.2.10; χ. ἰχθύσι use for food, Plu.2.668f; οἴνῳ χ. ἐπὶ πλέον ib.715d; χ. ναυτιλίῃσι, θαλάσσῃ, Hdt.2.43, Th.1.3;

ὠνῇ καὶ πρήσι Hdt.1.153

;

δρασμῷ Aeschin.3.21

;

τέχναις X.Mem.3.10.1

, Oec.4.4;

τῇ τέχνῃ POxy.1029.25

(ii A. D.); χρώμενοι τῇ πόλει taking a part in politics, E. Ion 602;

ἐκκλησίαισιν ἦν ὅτ' οὐκ ἐχρώμεθα Ar.Ec. 183

; ἄλλον τρόπον τῇ πολιτείᾳ κέχρημαι, = πεπολίτευμαι, Hyp.Eux.28;

φωνὴν δυναμένην ὄχλῳ χρῆσθαι Isoc.5.81

; τῇ τραπέζῃ τῇ τοῦ πατρὸς ἐχρῆτο he had dealings with my father's bank, D.52.3; χ. τοῖς πράγμασι καὶ τοῖς καιροῖς administer them, Isoc.6.50.

III experience, suffer, be subject to, esp. external events or conditions,

δάμαρτος 'Ιππολύτας Ἀκάστου δολίαις τέχναισι χρησάμενος

having experienced,

Pi.N.4.58

;

κείμεθ' ἀγηράντῳ χρώμενοι εὐλογίῃ Simon.100.4

;

νιφετῷ Hdt.4.50

;

στίβῃ καὶ νιφετῷ Call.Epigr.33.3

;

χειμῶνι Antipho 5.21

, D.18.194;

λαίλαπι AP7.503

(Leon.); στυγεροῖς πνεύμασι Epigr. ap. D.S.13.41 (iv B. C.);

ἀνάγκῃ Antipho 5.22

;

οἰκεῖα πράγματ' εἰσάγων, οἷς χρώμεθ', οἷς σύνεσμεν Ar.Ra. 959

;

γυναικῶν τῶν τοῖς τόκοις χρωμένων πλείοσιν Arist.HA 582a24

;

ἀπεψίαις χ. IG42(1).126.4

(Epid., ii A. D.);

ἑκὼν.. οὐδεὶς δουλίῳ χρῆται ζυγῷ A.Ag. 953

; νόμοισι χ. live under laws, Hdt. 1.173, 216, cf. IG9(1).334.19 ([dialect] Locr., v B. C.);

νόμοις τοῖς ἰδίοις Riv.Fil.58.472

(Gortyn, iii B. C.);

ἀνομίᾳ X.Mem.1.2.24

;

γαλανείᾳ χρησάμενοι μανιάδων οἴστρων E.IA 546

(lyr.); χ. εὐμαρείᾳ to be at ease, S.Tr. 193 (but, ease oneself, Hdt.2.35);

συντυχίῃ χ. Id.5.41

;

τύχῃ E.Heracl. 714

, And.1.67, 120;

πολλῇ εὐτυχίᾳ Pl.Men. 72a

; πολλῇ τῇ νίκῃ χρῆται, = παρὰ πολὺ νικᾷ, And.4.31;

συμφορῇ κεχρημένος Hdt.1.42

, cf. E.Med. 347;

τοιούτῳ μόρῳ ἐχρήσατο ὁ παῖς Hdt. 1.117

; θείῃ πομπῇ χρεώμενος divinely sent, ib.62; of mental conditions present in the subject, τῷ χόλῳ χρέομαι I feel anger, Sophr. 126;

λογισάμενος ἢν εὑρίσκῃ πλέω τε καὶ μέζω τὰ ἀδικήματα ἐόντα τῶν ὑποργημάτων, οὕτω τῷ θυμῷ χρᾶται Hdt.1.137

; μὴ πάντα θυμῷ χρέο ib. 155;

ὀργῇ χρωμένη S.OT 1241

;

ὀργῇ μεγάλῃ μοι ἐχρήσω LXX Jb.10.17

, cf. 19.11, al.; ἀγνωμοσύνῃ χρησάμενοι ἀπέστησαν they stiffened their necks and.. Hdt.5.83; οἴησις γάρ, καὶ μάλιστα ἐν ἰητρικῇ, αἰτίην μὲντοῖσι κεχρημένοισιν, ὄλεθρον δὲ τοῖσι χρεωμένοισι ἐπιφέρει vanity brings blame on its possessor (or victim) and ruin on those who consult him, Hp Decent.4;

πολλῇ ἀνοίᾳ χρώμενος Antipho 3.3.2

;

ἀμαθίᾳ πλέονι.. χρῆσθε Th.1.68

;

ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις μείζοσιν ἢ κατὰ τὴν ὑπάρχουσαν οὐσίαν ἐχρῆτο Id.6.15

;

φθόνῳ καὶ διαβολῇ χ. Pl.Ap. 18d

;

οὺ τῇ ἑαυτοῦ ἁμαρτίᾳ ἀλλὰ τῇ τοῦ πατάξαντος χρησάμενος ἀπέθανεν Antipho 4.3.4

;

τοῖς ἁμαρτήμασι παραπλησίοις ἐχρήσαντο Isoc.8.104

;

μή τι ἄρα τῇ ἐλαφρίᾳ ἐχρησάμην; 2 Ep.Cor.1.17

.

2 with verbal nouns. periphr. for the verb derived from the noun, ἀληθέϊ λόγῳ χ. use true speech, i.e. speak the truth, Hdt.1.14; ἀληθείῃ χ. ib. 116, 7.101; βοῇ χ. set up a cry, Id.4.134; τοιούτῳ πράγματι οὐ κέχρησαι, = οὐδὲν τοιοῦτο ἔπραξας, Hyp.Eux.11; δαψιλέϊ τῷ ποτῷ (fort. πότῳ)

χρησαμένους Hdt.2.121

.δ'; ἐσόδῳ χρέο πυκνῶς visit often, Hp.Decent.13;

ἡ σελήνη.. διὰ παντὸς τῇ ἴσῃ παραυξήσει καὶ μειώσει χρῆται Gem.18.16

.

3 c. dupl. dat., use as so and so,

τοῖς ἀγαθοῖσιν.. χ. πρὸς τὰ κακὰ ἀλκῇ Democr.173

;

μιᾷ πόλει ταύτῃ χ. Th.2.15

;

χ. τῷ σίτῳ ὄψῳ ἢ τῷ ὄψῳ σίτῳ X.Mem.3.14.4

.

4 χ. τισιν ἔς τι use for an end or purpose, Hdt.1.34;

πρός τι X.Oec.11.13

;

ἐπί τι Id.Mem.1.2.9

; ἀμφί or περί τι, Id.Oec.9.6, An.3.5.10; with neut. Adj. or Pron. as Adv., τάδε [τῷ ἀμφιβλήστρῳ] χ. makes the following use of the net, Hdt.2.95;

χρέωνται οὐδὲν ἐλαίῳ Id.1.193

; χρυσῷ καὶ χαλκῷ τὰ πάντα χρέωνται ib. 215; λογισμῷ ἐλάχιστα χ., πλεῖστα ἀρετῇ χ., Th.2.11, 5.105; τί χρήσεταί ποτ' αὐτῷ; what use will he make of him? Ar.Ach. 935, cf. X.An.1.3.18;

χ. τἀνδρὶ τοῖς τ' ἐμοῖς λόγοις S.Tr.60

;

ἠπορούμην ὅ τι χρησαίμην τῇ τούτου παρανομίᾳ Lys.3.10

.

b treat, deal with,

παραδίδωμι χρᾶσθαι αὐτῷ τοῦτο ὅ τι σὺ βούλεαι Hdt.1.210

, cf. Ar.Nu. 439 (anap.; fort. delendum χρήσθων), Isoc.12.107; εἰ τύχοι (sc. γυνὴ)

μὴ ἐπιτηδεία γενομένη, τί χρὴ τῇ συμφορᾷ χρῆσθαι; Antipho Soph.49

; ἀπορέων ὅ τι χρήσηται τῷ παρεόντι πρήγματι not knowing what to make of it, Hdt.7.213;

ἠπόρει ὅτι χρήσαιτο Pl.Prt. 321c

;

οὐκ ἂν ἔχοις ὅτι χρῷο σαυτῷ Id.Cri. 45b

; in elliptical phrases,

τί οὖν χρησώμεθα; Id.Ly. 213c

;

Θηβαίους ἔχοντες.. τί χρήσεσθε; D.8.74

: c. dat. et acc. cogn.,

χρωμένους τῷ κτείναντι χρείαν ἣν ἂν ἐθέλωσι Pl.Lg. 868b

, cf. 785b, Clit. 407e.

IV of persons, χρῆσθαί τινι ὡς .. treat him as..,

χ. τινὶ ὡς ἀνδρὶ ψεύστῃ Hdt.7.209

; χ. [τισὶν] ὡς πολεμίοις, ὡς φίλοις καὶ πιστοῖς, treat as friends or enemies, regard them as such, Th.1.53, X.Cyr.4.2.8; so

φιλικώτερον χρῆσθαί τισι Id.Mem.4.3.12

;

ὑβριστικῶς χ. τισί D.56.12

; also without

ὡς, ἔμοιγε χρώμενος διδασκάλῳ A.Pr. 324

, cf. Heraclit.104;

ὥς γ' ἐμοὶ χρῆσθαι κριτῇ E.Alc. 801

;

οὐ σφόδρα ἐχρώμην Αυκίνῳ φίλῳ Antipho 5.63

;

πλείστοις καὶ δεινοτάτοις ἐχροῖς χ. And.4.2

;

ἀσθενέσι χ. πολεμίοις X.Cyr.3.2.4

.

b χρῆσθαί τινι (without φίλῳ) to be intimate with a man, X.Hier.5.2, Mem.4.8.11;

χρῆσθαι καὶ συνεῖναί τισι And.1.49

; ἀνάγκη, ὃς ἂν γένηται (sc. παῖς, son), τούτῳ χρῆσθαι one must put up with the son that is born, Democr.277: ἰητρῷ μὴ χρωμένους not consulting a doctor, Hp. de Arte5 (so c. dat. et acc., ἐσιέναι παρὰ βασιλέα μηδένα, δι' ἀγγέλων δὲ πάντα χρᾶσθαι (sc. αὐτῷ) deal with him in everything by messengers, Hdt.1.99); so Πλάτωνι, Ξενοφῶντι, χ. use, study their writings, Plu.2.79d: abs.,

οἱ χρώμενοι

friends,

X.Ages.11.13

, Mem.2.6.5, Isoc.6.44.

2 esp. of sexual intercourse,

γυναιξὶ ἐχρᾶτο Hdt.2.181

, cf. X.Mem.1.2.29, 2.1.30, Is.3.10, D.59.67.

3 χρῆσθαι ἑαυτῷ make use ofoneself or one's powers, with a part.,

οὐδ' ὑγιαίνοντι χρώμενος ἑαυτῷ Plu.Nic.17

;

αὑτῷ νήφοντι χ. Id.Eum.16

: so with an Adv.,

χ. ἑαντῷ πρὸς τοὺς κινδύνους ἀφειδῶς Id.Alex.45

; παρέχειν ἑαυτὸν ταῖς ἀρχαῖς χρῆσθαι place oneself at the disposal of another, X.Cyr.1.2.13, cf. 8.1.5.